Weapons

Updated on 2010-12-719:00:49 Word count: 5054

Zhuge Crossbow

Crossbows are also called "合合" and "cross bow". A weapon used to shoot archery in ancient times. It is a bow equipped with arms, mainly composed of crossbow arms, crossbow bows, bow strings and crossbow machines. Although the loading time of crossbows is much longer than bows, it has a longer range, stronger lethality, higher hit rate, and has a relatively low requirement for users. It is an ancient long-range killing weapon. The range of powerful crossbows can reach 600 meters, and the range of extra-large bed crossbows can reach 1,000 meters. According to the method of Zhangxian, it can be divided into arm-opening crossbows, stepping crossbows and waist-opening crossbows, etc., as well as continuous crossbows that can volley or continuously shoot arrows and bed crossbows equipped with several crossbows.

Crossbows are a deadly weapon, and are widely used because they do not require much training to operate. Even recruits can quickly become masters of crossbows, and their hit rate is extremely high, enough to kill an armored knight who spent his whole life in combat training. At some point (especially with knights), crossbow bows are considered an improper weapon because they only require very few skills to operate. Richard I of the UK (Richard, the Lionheart) was shot twice by crossbow arrows and died of injury the second time. Such a great man died at the hands of an ordinary or inferior soldier, which was horrifying to the nobles. For this reason, in the twelfth century, the pope tried to ban the use of crossbows on the grounds of cruelty.

"Shi Ming? Shi Bing" by Liu Xi of Han: The crossbow is angry, and it is holding anger. The handle is called an arm, which is like a human arm. The hook string is called a tooth, which is like a tooth. The outside of the tooth is called Guo, which is the rule of the tooth. The lower part is called a county knife, which is its shape. The mouth that holds a slightest mouth is called a sensation, which is also called a sensation of a sensation, which is also called a sensation of a sensation of a door.—

Several famous crossbows:

1. The strength of the crossbows in the Han Dynasty was calculated by stones, and it was divided into one stone to ten stones (it took about 27-30 kilograms of strength to draw a stone full of one stone). Among them, the strongest crossbow is also called the yellow-shoulder crossbow and the yellow-shoulder crossbow. Only very strong people can use it. In the "Biography of Li Guang" in the Records of the Grand Historian, there is a record that Li Guang held a yellow-shoulder crossbow and shot enemy generals with a yellow-shoulder crossbow. According to later research, its range can reach about 400 meters.

2. Zhuge Crossbow: During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang made a crossbow called Yuanrong Crossbow. It can fire ten arrows at a time. It has strong firepower, but its volume and weight are too large to use, and it is mainly used to defend cities and battalions. Compared with the powerful crossbows at that time, this crossbow has a short range and low lethality. It is generally used in conjunction with the crossbow. Later, the great inventor Ma Jun improved it and changed it to a five-arrow crossbow, which greatly reduced its volume and weight and became a single soldier weapon. However, because the production was very complicated, the arrows used must also be specially made, so it was not produced in large quantities and was later lost.

3. The Divine Arm Crossbow was invented during the Emperor Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty. The bow body was three feet three, the string length was two feet five, and the range was more than 340 steps. It was powerful, and the arrow could enter half a pole of elm. It was said to be stronger than the Han Dynasty's rhubarb, and other equipment could not match it. It became one of the standard weapons of the Song army's crossbowmen.

4. Bean + Cunzi Crossbow, this is a powerful crossbow, a type of three-bow bed crossbow in the Song Dynasty. It can fire more than ten arrows (ancient rocket launchers?) at a time to shoot thousands of steps. (the cold weapon with the largest range) it takes more than 75 to 100 people to use ropes to wield the power of the machinery, which is a very powerful weapon.

5. Crossbow chariot. During the Warring States Period, there was a crossbow chariot. This crossbow belongs to a type of crossbow cannon. It can be used to advance or retreat. A twelve stone crossbow is driven on the chariot. Each crossbow has seven arrows. The main arrow is the main arrow, and three arrows on both sides are slightly smaller. It can shoot 700 steps. The walls in the middle are falling and the city is destroyed, which is unstoppable. It can probably be regarded as an ancient rocket launcher-

The structure of a crossbow can be divided into three parts: arm, bow, machine. The "arm" is generally made of wooden; the "bow" is horizontally located on the front of the arm; the "machine" is installed at the back of the arm. The most important part of the crossbow is the "machine". The crossbow is generally made of copper and is installed in the crossbow "Guo" (box-shaped). In front is the "thigh" (hook) used for stringing, and the "Wangshan" is connected behind the "thigh" (the sight of the sight); the "Wangshan" at the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty has a scale engraved on it, which is equivalent to modern guns.

The watch scale on the top facilitates the adjustment of the crossbow's launch angle according to the target distance and improves the shooting hit rate. There is a "hanging knife" (i.e., trigger) below the copper corps, which is used to launch arrows. When the crossbow is launched, open the string first, hold it on the "tooth" of the crossbow machine, install the arrow in the arrow groove on the "arm", and aim through "Wangshan", then turn the "hanging knife" to shrink the "tooth" and unhook the string. Use the kinetic energy formed by the rapid rebound of the open bow string to shoot the arrow out at high speed.

Crossbows generally use multi-layer bamboo, composite bow made of wood chip glue, which looks like a shoulder pole, so it is commonly known as "cross rooster". There is a transverse bow-retaining hole in the front of it to fix the bow so that the crossbow will not move left and right. There is a groove-shaped vestigation channel with clusters of arrows on the front of the wooden arm, so that the launched arrows can move forward in a straight line. There is a box at the back of the wooden arm, called a crossbow; there is a hook with strings in front of the box, and a sight is installed at the back of the hook, which is called "Wangshan"; there is a "hanging knife" (trigger) under the box. When firing, first place the arrow on the arrow, pull the bow string backward, hang it on the hook, and after aiming at the target, the arrow is shot out.

The bow on the crossbow is horizontally positioned, and the tension bow string is released by pulling the plate machine to shoot the crossbow arrow. When tightening the bow string again, the front end of the crossbow must be placed on the ground and then stepped on it with feet, and then tightened the bow string back with both hands or with the help of the crank. The square arrow or crossbow arrow fired by the crossbow has a shorter range than ordinary arrows. The square arrow can remain stable during flight and has a sharp metal arrow.

Crossbow soldiers usually carry a large shield to the battlefield. Fortunately, they are protected when drawing crossbows. This shield is very tall and comes with wooden support. A team of crossbow soldiers can use shields to set up a shield wall, so that they can lean over and tighten the crossbow strings behind the shield. When shooting, only the crossbow and helmet will expose the shield wall. If they encounter more powerful longbow soldiers in open areas, they will usually be forced to retreat.

In ancient China, a bow equipped with a string opening mechanism (cross arm and crossbow machine) can be launched in a time-lapse. When using the shooter, the string opening arrow and the vertical string launch are broken down into two separate actions, without the need to aim while opening the string while exerting force, which is significantly improved than the bow's hit rate; it can also use other powers other than the arm strength (such as foot stepping) to open the string, which can reach a longer range than the bow (Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the Warring States Crossbow Restoration).

The key component of the crossbow is the crossbow machine. It can be seen from the numerous unearthed copper crossbow machines: the parts in the crossbow machine include the Honk Mountain (sight), the hanging knife (trigger), the hook center and the two keys that combine the parts into a whole. When the string is loaded with the arrow, the hand pulls the Honk Mountain, the teeth rise, and the hook center is carried up, and its lower teeth are stuck in the opening of the hanging knife. In this way, you can use the teeth to clamp the bow string and place the arrow in the arrow groove above the crossbow arm, so that the arrow is pinned on the string between the two teeth, aim the target to pull the hanging knife backward, the teeth shrink, and the arrow will be shot out as the string rebounds—

The development of crossbow

Crossbows are also singularly made by Huangdi, and are also called 南后. The launching arrow does not rely on human power, but uses a mechanism to cover it. The force is strong and far away. The bow is stronger. Hunters always set up a bunch of wild storms, causing tigers and leopards to mistakenly practice their arrows and the arrows are intercepted. From this, the form of crossbows is slightly different from the bow. In the back of the bow, an arm is placed horizontally, and the arrows are launched. Then, when the launching is first set up a string on the machine, this place is called crossbow teeth, and then the crossbow nose is twisted. The teeth are the same as the tree here, but the direction is different. The upper one is the same, and the lower one is the same, which is like a mouse trap. Therefore, when the crossbow nose is twisted, the teeth are removed from the string, and the strings are stimulated out. The size of the crossbow is different, and the names are different. The smaller ones are climbed with their hands, and the larger ones must use their feet to step on, which is not enough to be competent. The name is the divine arm crossbow and the flower-mounted crossbow. Stirrup crossbows are probably named after their different usage methods. As for the structure of crossbows, they are still the same. These names are probably all from the Tang and Song dynasties, and they are not named in ancient times. The function of crossbows is larger than that of bows and arrows. When the fire tools are popular, the position of crossbows plummeted. To this day, not only are there few people who are familiar with this, but they forget their names and forms. However, there are many mountains and forests in the north, and poisonous snakes and beasts are coming out to harm the people. Most people who live in the mountains set up bows to defend themselves. Hunters use hunting animals to make a living. In addition to burning fire, they also use bows to set up ambush. Once the fire fails, some people use crossbows to kill beasts. Therefore, although crossbows are not used for war, people outside the mouth of Shanxi and Shaanxi are particularly familiar with this, and they are the way to defend themselves and make a living. As for people in the south, they are weak and yarrows. Although they pay a little attention to martial arts, they cannot do this way.

The emergence of crossbows should not be later than that of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Crossbows became a common weapon in the Spring and Autumn Period. In "The Art of War. Operations", crossbows and armored shields were listed as important combat materials. By the Warring States Period, crossbows were widely used in the military. In the early Warring States Period, crossbows were also widely used in the military. In "The Art of War", Sun Bin said that such crossbows "between shoulders and killing people a hundred steps away"; to the late Warring States Period: such as the twelve stone crossbows (shooting 600 steps), such as Han and Wei's twelve stone crossbows (shooting 600 steps), these crossbows required to use stronger power to open, so they required the "cross machine" to be stronger, and began to install "Bronze Guo" to strengthen the machine. During this period, crossbows were used more commonly in wars. For example, the elite soldiers of South Korea were called "wearing armor and holding the Jingshu" (a term for crossbows); one of the requirements for the assessment of Wei's selection of Wuzhang was to be able to lift the twelve stone crossbows.

The earliest and more complete crossbow discovered so far is the mid-Warring States period crossbow unearthed from Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang City, Henan Province. This crossbow is made quite exquisitely. The crossbow machine is made of copper, with a copper crossbow heel with a silver at the end of the wooden crossbow arm, and a snake-shaped copper bow-bearing device with a silver at the front. According to the original hanging knife made of bones and clams unearthed from archaeological excavations and the shape of wooden crossbows used by ethnic minorities such as Oroqen, Naxi, and Miao before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the original crossbow should be far more than this crossbow. It is simple, so the crossbow should have a longer development process before the Warring States Period. This is also verbal evidence in ancient documents, such as the Book of Rites? Ziyi Chapter quoted "Taijia" and said: "If Yu Ji Zhang, if you go to the limit, you will explain it." "Han Feizi? Shu Lin Chapter" says: "Yi held a yang and held a pole, and held a bow and turned off the machine." The "machine" mentioned in both places should be interpreted as crossbow machines. The years recorded were all before the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which shows that China should invent the original wooden crossbows no later than the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the use of crossbows began to be emphasized in actual combat. The role of "arrow crossbow" has been mentioned in "Sun Tzu's Art of War". During the Warring States Period, there was a type of formation described in "Sun Bin's Art of War" called "strong crossbows to launch", which shows that the status of crossbows in actual combat is more important. In 341 BC, in the famous Battle of Maling, Sun Bin defeated the large army of Pang Juan who was underestimated and tired by using the assault attack of "10,000 crossbows" to defeat the large army of Pang Juan who was exhausted and exhausted. At that time, the crossbow used was a broken crossbow with arm strength, which was equipped with a smaller bow than ordinary bows, and the crossbow arrows were correspondingly shorter. In "Sun Bin's Art of War", this kind of crossbow "launched between shoulders and chests, killing people a hundred steps away", and the range was not very far. By the late Warring States Period, there were better performances with a foot-to-step stomping on Zhang Xian. For example, "The Strategy of the Warring States? Han Ce" said that this crossbow "was launched between the shoulders and chests, killing people a hundred steps away", and the range was not very long. By the late Warring States Period, there were crossbows with better performance with a foot-to-step stomping on Zhang Xian. For example, "The Strategy of the Warring States? Han Ce" said that the

The martial arts are "wearing a strong armor, □ strong crossbow". Such strong crossbows are equipped with a thick bow and require considerable force to open the string, so they require a stronger crossbow. Although crossbows in the mid-Warring States period were made of copper, they had no copper. The crossbows were directly installed on the wooden crossbow arms and could not bear too much tension. The crossbows in the late Warring States period added copper buses outside the crossbows to strengthen the trough, and this component was generated to adapt to the needs of sagging. The Wangshan Mountain of the Warring States Period had no scales. During the Western Han Dynasty, Wangshan Mountain with scales appeared (see the color picture of the Western Han Dynasty bronze crossbow machine (unearthed from the tomb of Liu Sheng in Mancheng, Hebei)). Its function was similar to the measure on modern rifles. The shooter controlled the height of the target according to the distance and nearness of the target, and found the appropriate launch angle to accurately hit the target.

During the Western Han Dynasty, due to the long-term battle with the northern Xiongnu, as a powerful weapon for the Han army's infantry to fight against the Xiongnu cavalry, the crossbow was further developed. The scales used for range measurement and aiming began to appear on the "Wangshan", which increased the hit rate of the crossbow. And there were records of the crossbow: "There was a continuous crossbow shot at the Shanyu, and the Shanyu went down" (Volume 21 of "Zizhi Tongjian". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a waist-pulling crossbow (later made of a waist-pulling crossbow). This was a single person who could pull it away.

The strongest crossbow "The weakest one uses slashing, while the strong one still uses slashing" ("Wu Beizhi") and Zhuge made the famous "Yuanrong Crossbow" during the Three Kingdoms period. According to historical records, this kind of crossbow "using iron as the arrow, with 8 inches long and ten arrows in one crossbow" ("Wei Shi Chunqiu") has a strong lethality when used in conjunction with the footsteps. Later, the great inventor Ma Jun improved it to make it a more practical weapon with one crossbow and five arrows that can be used by a single person.

The figure of the waist-pull crossbow is seen in the stone of the Wu Clan Temple in Jining, Shandong Province. "Book of Jin? Biography of Ma Long" says that the strength of the waist-pull crossbow used by the warriors at that time was 36 jin (about nine stones). The "Wu Beizhi" in the Ming Dynasty called it a waist-pull crossbow, "those with weak strength use a sag, while those with strong strength still use a sag." It can be seen that it is the crossbow with the greatest ejection force used by a single person.

The continuous crossbow equipped with a continuous shooting mechanism was first seen in Bangu, the Eastern Han Dynasty, written by Bangu, "Book of Han? Biography of Li Ling": "Fleet of continuous crossbows to shoot Shanyu." During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang's reorganized crossbows were equipped with a large number of troops in Shu Kingdom, "one crossbow and ten arrows were launched" (notes of "Book of Three Kingdoms? Biography of Zhuge Liang" written by Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty), which was very powerful.

The strength of the Han Dynasty crossbow is calculated by "stone". A crossbow with a bow that draws a stone is equivalent to the force used to lift a stone (about 30 kilograms) of heavy objects. According to the Han bamboo slips and ancient documents, Han crossbows are divided into one, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ten stones. The strength of the Han crossbows must be strictly verified. Records of the strength of damaged crossbows have been found in the Juyan Han slips. Among them, the Ten-Stone crossbow is also called the Great Yellow Crossbow, the Yellow Shoulder Crossbow or the Great Yellow Force Crossbow.

The most powerful. According to the "Pinxi Bitan" of the Song Dynasty, which was recorded in "Mengxi Bitan", the range of powerful crossbows in the Han Dynasty could reach about 400 meters. When Li Guang, a famous general of the Han Dynasty, fought against the Huns in 121 BC, he used a yellow crossbow to kill the opponent's generals to reverse the situation. The Han Dynasty counties and states also formed an infantry corps "Class Officer" mainly composed of crossbowmen, and some of their commanders were called "Strong Crossbow General".

Because the launch of crossbows is time-consuming and the soldiers holding crossbows are inconvenient to use other weapons, crossbowmen often form groups such as "upside crossbows", "advancing crossbows", and "launching crossbows" under the cover of other soldiers, and launch them in turn. In the "guarding the pass and blocking mouths", their power can be exerted. After the Southern and Northern Dynasties, when cavalry galloped across the board, they gradually declined because the strong crossbows were inconvenient to use on horseback. After the Ming Dynasty, due to the rapid development of firearms, crossbows were no longer valued. In "The Heavenly Gong Kaiwu", crossbows were even believed to be "a weapon to guard the camp, which is not conducive to formation."

During the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties, cavalry was dominant on the battlefield, and crossbows were not convenient for cavalry to be used on horseback. At that time, heavy armored cavalry were emphasized, so they further developed into bed crossbows with strong power, long range, and mechanical power. By the Song Dynasty, in order to fight against the cavalry of the northern nomadic peoples, the Song army used crossbows in large numbers, and crossbows became the main weapon of the Northern Song infantry. In addition to the divine arm crossbows used by individual soldiers, the Song army focused on making bed crossbows such as: two-bow bed crossbows, three-bow eight-cow bed crossbows, bean + cub crossbows, etc.

In the Ming Dynasty, some people used the improvement as Zhuge crossbow, but in fact, this crossbow had a very short range and low power, and was not actually used on the battlefield. With the application of firearms, crossbows gradually declined. From China to the Qing Dynasty, the army no longer used crossbows as combat weapons.

Although ancient Chinese had already started using crossbows, Europe in 900 AD seemed to have created crossbows on its own. Its range was good and its power was greater than that of the bow, but it took more time to prepare for shooting. On average, each crossbowman could shoot twice in one minute.

Traditional weapons and equipment can also play an irreplaceable role in modern anti-terrorism. Anti-terrorism team members have already stood in front of the human target position with powerful crossbows in hand. With a command, they immediately smashed the balloons representing the head and heart on each target position. It is understood that the powerful crossbows used by anti-terrorism commandos can penetrate 15 cm thick trees. They are mainly used for concealed assault operations and rescue hostages. They are effective offensive weapons for special forces.

Sword: Swords were born in the Shang Dynasty and have a history of more than 3,000 years. Especially in the Warring States Period and Qin and Han Wars, swords were an important weapon for infantry and cavalry. After the Three Kingdoms, swords withdrew from actual combat and gradually evolved from martial arts weapons into equipment for people to strengthen their bodies. People have been constantly summarizing and researching, and the swordsmanship was established. Swords also gradually formed many sects, each with its own strengths and colorful features. The routines include Tai Chi Sword, Wudang Sword, Zui Sword, Kunlun Sword, Seven Star Sword, Emei Sword, and Sword Practice. After the founding of New China, swords were listed as martial arts competition events. The length of modern martial arts swords is stipulated to be based on athletes holding the sword with their backhand straight arms, and the tip of the sword reaches the earlobe. The sword does not open the blade. The parts of the sword include: sword body, sword tip, sword edge, sword end, sword spine, sword blade, sword grid, sword hilt, sword head, sword sheath and spike. Seven Star Swords are famous ancient swords. The sword body is close to the handle.

The Seven Stars of the Big Dipper are decorated, so it is named. Ziwu Yuanyang Sword Sword is three feet long, the sword body is flat, the lower part is one and a half inches wide, and the upper part is eight inches wide. Both sides of the sword body are pointed upwards, and the whole body is like a saw blade. The sword tips of the two swords are of different shapes. One is a semicircular ring, like a crescent moon, with the crescent tip facing outward. Although the other is also crescent moon, there is a protruding spear tip in the middle. The sword handle is flat, with a cloth tie on it and a circle on the sword handle.

There is a crescent-shaped handguard on one side of the sword handle, which is thin and sharp. The end of the sword handle has a double-edge-shaped gun stab. This tool has a blade on all sides, which is very sharp. The ancient Longquan Sword was named after the sword, also known as "Longyuan Sword". It comes from Xiping County, Henan Province. It is named after the local Longquan Water Sword. The sword body of the Yilong Sword has a dragon-shaped pattern, so it is named. Without sword spear, the main methods of sword technique routines are chop, stab, pierce, tick, point, collapse, hit, cut, and wipe.

Double swords: One of the two weapons, the two swords are like a sword, the sword grid (handguard plate) of the two swords is half, and the opposite side is a plane, so that the two swords are combined into one. The difference between the sword body and a single sword is that there are ridges on both sides, while the two swords have only one side, and the opposite side is a plane, and the two swords are equipped with a single sword spear at the heads of the two swords. The two swords are each formed into a sheath. The Shaolin mother-in-law mandarin duck sword is one of the Shaolin two weapons. The total length is three feet, and it is used by Shaolin monks to practice martial arts and defend themselves in all dynasties. The dragon and phoenix double swords and double weapons.

.The sword was produced in Longquan, Zhejiang. On the side of the two swords with a spine, there are patterns of dragons (swords made by the right hand) and phoenixes (swords made by the left hand). Each of the two swords was equipped with a double sword single spike, and the two swords were put into a sheath. The ancient double swords of male and female swords were the same as other double swords. However, the materials for making this sword were very advanced. The female sword was the left hand, and the male sword was the right hand. The whisk sword was one of the strange double soldiers in ancient times, and was used by Taoists. It consisted of a whisk and a single sword.

Soft sword: There are many types of soft weapons, and some of them are gradually difficult to see due to historical changes. The following is a few-known chain swords and sword whip. The chain sword Ming, a kind of soft weapon from the Qing Dynasty. A long iron chain is used to connect two short swords, which can echo the head and tail when used. A soft weapon of sword whip is connected by a short sword and an iron chain. The sword is 3 feet long, with a pointed sword and a blade on both sides. The chain length is 4 feet long, and a small hammer at the end is tied with a colorful silk for use as a whip.

Gun: It is a kind of weapon equipped with sharp pointed tips on a long handle. The history of the gun can be traced back to primitive society. The primitive spear only sharpens the head of the wooden stick. The shape of the gun in the Han Dynasty was similar to that of the spear. It was mostly made of long wooden poles or bamboo poles, and the head of the gun was installed with a sharp gun and a spear. The lengths of the guns of different purposes were different. The guns used for chariot warfare and cavalry warfare were long, the guns used for infantry warfare were short, the guns used for defending cities and villages were long, and the guns used for attacks were short

Short and long spears can reach more than eight meters, and short spears can be as many as one-third. The length of the gun used in modern martial arts competition routines cannot be shorter than the length from the foot to the tip of the gun when you raise your arms upright. There are many types of guns. The Song and Ming dynasties were the most prosperous, and guns with various styles and uses were created, which were widely used in infantry and cavalry. After the founding of New China, guns were listed as formal martial arts competition events. Guns consist of gun tips, gun tassels, gun bars and gun sickles.

Spear tip: also known as spear tip. Spear tip is made of steel or iron, and was made of copper in ancient times. The spear tip used in modern martial arts is a single diamond shape, with a high ridge and a thin tip.

Gun rod: the component of the gun. Gun rod is mostly made of wood, with wood being the best, with soft wood being the second, with ash rod being soft. The back end of the gun rod should be thick and full, with thinner the more towards the gun head. Gun rod should be straight but not curved, and thin but not soft. Gun tassel: Decoration objects under the gun head. Gun tassels are made of rhino tails, yak tails, ponytails, etc., and now they are often made of yarn and silk, which are mostly red. Its purpose is that when the gun tassels shake, they can confuse the other party and block blood. They can be used for exercises to strengthen their momentum. Long spears are weapons of the Ming Dynasty, with the gun head three inches and three points long.

It weighs one or three cents, and the barrel is full of gun bar. An ancient spear gun is an iron weapon in the Ming Dynasty. The spear head is seven inches long and four ounces heavy. Its square edges are flat like buckwheat, with sharp fronts, and used for piercing. The pear blossom gun is a combination of spear and firearm. It uses an ordinary spear without tassels to tie a fire-breathing tube in the original spear and tassels, and ignite it at the same time, burn it with gunpowder to kill the enemy. All medicines can be assassinated by the spear head. The medicine sprayed in the cartridge is named as if it were pear blossoms falling. The spear routine created by Yang Miaozhen, the wife of Li Quan of the Song Dynasty, was called her "20 years of pear blossom gun, and the world is invincible."

The sickle gun is seven feet and two inches long, of which the tip of the gun is eight inches. The tip of the gun is sharp, and the lower part has a side protruding barb, and the hook tip is curved inward. The gun rod is six feet long, with a thick and round diameter of four inches. The tail of the rod is made of wood, with an iron horn, four inches long. The nine-curved gun is one zhang long, and the tip of the gun is like a snake, sharp at the top, and thin knives on both sides. The entire gun head is more than one foot long. The main weapons of horse warfare in the Ming Dynasty. The main uses are: blocking, holding, pricking, thorning, tying, wrapping, ringing, punching, dotting, plucking, dancing, etc. The head of the Taining pen gun is sharp, and a small iron plate is installed several inches under the tip blade.

There is a blade on it. Because the spear tip is like a pen, it is named. The spear tip is five feet long, the spear tip is red tassel under the spear tip, and the spear stick is not attacked. Because the spear stick is thin, the spear tip trembles constantly when it shakes, making it difficult for people to understand the tip of the spear tip and dazzle, so it is named. The goose-ling gun weapon in the Qing Dynasty was seven feet and two inches long, of which the spear tip is eight inches long and about three inches long, made of hardwood. The spear tip is made of iron smelting, and its style is similar to the double hook sickle rifle. The spear tip is a flat shuttle shape. There is an iron horn at the tail of the rod, which is four inches long.

Double gun: Here we introduce the combination of double guns and double sticks into long and double tools. The two sticks have the same length, which is generally the same as the height of the stick holder. It is much more difficult to make the double stick than to make a single stick. When practicing the first thing you want, the two sticks are evenly adjusted and easy to collide with each other. After practicing for a long time, you can master it. The two sticks should be staggered in the direction. If the left hand is in front, the right hand must be in the back, and the upper left is in the lower right, so that the two sticks will not touch each other. The two sticks are the same material as the single stick.

, mainly wood wax rods, but the ratio of the root of the stick and the stick is slightly thick and thin. Single-headed double-gun uses a white wax rod as the gun rod, and the steel shuttle head is made of steel, with red tassels tied at the intersection of the gun head and the gun rod. The length of a single-gun is equal to the height of the gun person and the hand is higher. The double-headed double-gun is slightly shorter. The double-headed double-gun is equipped with gun heads at both ends of the ash rod. There are four gun heads in total, all of which are equipped with red hard. The length of the double-gun is the same as that of the single-headed double-gun.

Spear: Ancient long weapons originated from hunting tools in primitive society. During the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Three Kingdoms, spears were mostly used as horse wars. By the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, spears began to transition and evolve toward the gun. The snake spear was made of iron and consisted of three parts: spear head, spear handle, and spear. The spear head was more than two feet long, flat, curved like a snake, and blades on both sides, so it was called a snake spear. The spear head was seven or eight inches long, shaped like a spear head, and is prism-shaped. It is connected to the handle, and the spear handle can also be made of hardwood, thick as a handle, and it is more than one and six feet long. Spears are ornaments for the handle, and there are also copper, which are pointed in a cone shape, so that the spear can be inserted into the ground without falling. Snake spears are curved like snakes, and are 1 ornaments for one and eight feet long, hence the name.

Jue: Ancient long weapons were a kind of straight and long attack weapons. They were made of bamboo and wood. Jue was about one or two feet long, with copper and iron hoops at both ends. There were cylinders, polygonal and sharp corners at the top of the head. As the chariot war disappeared, the actual combat value and attack effect of Jue were weakened. Later, Jue gradually evolved into a martial arts equipment for sticks and sticks. Shaolin Jue was 1 or two feet long, and the octagonal shape was also used as a pestle rod, about five feet long. There were more than a hundred iron spikes on both ends, and iron teeth were placed next to it.

Sticks: long martial arts equipment. Sticks are made of wooden and metal. Wooden sticks include erect sticks, numbsacks, numbsacks, numbsacks, etc. Metal sticks include iron-headed sticks, huddled iron sticks, huddled copper sticks, etc. There are also iron-toothed hook sticks, such as claw sticks, maces, hook sticks, etc. Sticks are one of the most commonly used weapons by primitive humans. In all dynasties, sticks are attached to sticks in military martial arts or folk martial arts. After the founding of New China, sticks were listed as one of the martial arts competition events. They were mostly made of white wax poles. According to the Rules of Martial Arts Competition, sticks must not be lower than their height. Therefore, there is a saying that "sticks are as close to the chest and sticks are as close to the eyebrows". The parts of the sticks can be divided into sticks.

The body, the root of the stick and the tip of the stick. The head of the stick is the top of the thin end of the stick. The root of the stick is the bottom of the thicker end of the stick, and the tip of the stick is the thin end of the stick. The technical characteristics of the stick are brave, fast and changeable. There are many schools, and there were more than a dozen famous stick techniques such as Shaolin stick and Zhangjia stick in the Ming Dynasty. It is a kind of Shaolin stick. It is made of wooden, eight feet to eight feet and five inches long, and the whole body is generally thick and thin. It is said that it was used by the monks of Shaolin Temple in the Ming Dynasty to practice martial arts. It is often made of a white wax rod, thick and full handle, and the stick is upright and the height of the eyebrows, so it is named. Panhua stick is named because its stick body has patterns. The usage of Panhua stick is mainly

There are chopping, collapse, swing, sweeping, wrapping, winding, twisting, clouds, blocking, dot, pulling, picking, pulling, hanging, poking, etc. The crutch is made of wooden sticks. There is a protruding crutch in the middle of the stick, about seven or eight inches long, hence the name. The main methods of hitting are chopping, blocking, picking, hanging, poking, dot, pushing, pulling, twisting, etc. The bead stick consists of a long stick and two short sticks. There is an iron hoop at each end of each stick, and an iron ring on the hoop, which is connected to each other. When using it, wave the long stick with both hands and drive two short sticks at the same time. The main methods of using it are chopping, blocking, hanging, throwing, twisting, twisting, dot, pushing, etc. The sticks used by water and fire sticks were used by the officers in ancient times. They were shaped like short sticks. Half of the stick is painted red and half is painted black.

It is the color of fire and black is the color of water, so it is called. A type of long-shot stick. It is composed of two wooden sticks of different lengths connected by iron rings. The length of the short stick is half of the long stick. When practicing, hold the end of the long stick with one hand, and use the long stick to drive the short stick when dancing. The strike methods of the tip stick include chop, sweep, hanging, swing, etc., and you can also hold the stick in both hands. The two ends of the tip stick are a long stick, and a short stick at both ends are connected by three iron rings. Two rings can also be added to the ring ring on the middle ring of the three rings, with a sound ring on both sides, with a sound sound, and the two beads are connected by one long stick and two short sticks. The three iron rings between the tops of the stick can be connected.

Stick soft machinery: The legend of the two numbskulls was created by Zhao Kuangyin. It was originally called the big plate dragon stick and the small plate dragon stick, but the big plate dragon stick at that time was shorter at one end and longer at the same time. Later, it evolved into its current appearance, that is, the total length is about three feet, and each stick body is about one foot, the same thickness as the common three numbs. There is an iron chain in the middle, and it is about one foot long. The two numbskulls are short and concise, and can be folded, which is an important weapon to defend against the enemy. It is very powerful. It can be long or short, and it can be folded together and used in your hands. It can also be used.

Use with any end. The moves are a little bit, such as cutting, plucking, blasting, sweeping, wrapping, pulling, ringing, lifting, knocking, hitting, etc., and you can also snatch enemy weapons. The second nunchaku is a weapon made of iron rings connecting three rods of equal length and length, also known as "three-section whip". The full length of the three nunchaku is equal to the height of the practitioner's upright arms and raised to his fingers. The diameter of the iron ring is about one inch, and the ends of the stick at the connection between the short sticks are each equipped with half a circle. The stick is of a white wax rod as the best. Practice 3

When using a nunchuck, you can use two tips to hold the middle section, or hold the two tips in both hands, using the two tips and the middle section. Or hold the one tip in one hand and the middle section in the other; use the free tip. You can also hold only one tip in one tip and use the free tip and use the free tip. The tip stick is made of a wooden stick made of a long and short length. The tip stick is divided into three types: "big tip stick", "small tip stick", "two-end tip stick". The tip stick is called "hand tip", which is shortened by the big tip stick. The tip is about one foot long and the stick body is about two feet long.

The two "two numbs" with equal lengths that appeared later were similar to "hand tips". They can be practiced with one stick or one stick in both hands. If the two tips are used together, they will be extremely powerful and are an important soft weapon to defend against the enemy. Shaolin hand tips Shaolin have one of the soft double weapons. The length of the tips is two feet long, the tips are eight inches long, and the three rings are tied together. Two hands are used together. The iron chain clamp rod is similar to a big tip stick and a two-section iron whip. It is connected by a long stick with an iron chain to a small stick head, but the chain connected here is much longer than the ring connected by a large tip.

Sticks: The same type of stick. The stick is about five feet long and is made of tough ash wood. The two ends of the stick are different in thickness, and one end can fill the handle. This end is the handshake. The thinner the upwards, the thicker the top is eight inches thick. There are many types of sticks. Only the "Wu Jing" records include seven types of hook sticks, grab sticks, maces, pestle sticks, rod sticks, big sticks, and clamp sticks. The length of the two sticks is one or two feet long, and the thicker one can fill the handle. The characteristics of stick technique are that it has a large range of movement and a strong sense of offense and defense. The main uses are: Out,

Return, rise, fall, swallow, spit, sink, float, etc. It is required to be connected and completed in one go. The rod rod is about six feet long and can be thick and full. It is made of a wax rod or a tough wood. It was popular in the Yuan and Song dynasties. The pestle rod is five feet long and one inch or two minutes long. The two ends of the rod head are one foot and five inches long. There are 48 small thorns at the upper end and 50 small thorns at the lower end, which are five minutes long and look like a wolf's teeth. The pestle rod has the usage of thorns, guns, chops, pokes, snatches, saws, sweeps, etc. The mace is about

Six feet. The rod head is an egg-shaped log with many iron nails planted on it, which are shaped like wolf teeth, so it is called. The mace is heavy and stupid, and is generally used for horse riding battles. It is popular in the military of the Song Dynasty. The iron chain stick is also called "spot stick" and "two nunchucks". It is composed of two wooden sticks of different lengths. The long stick is about four feet, and the short stick is one foot and five inches. Each section of the long stick has an iron hoop, and the hoop is ringed. The two sticks are connected by a ruler-long iron chain. When using it, hold the long stick with both hands and hold the short stick. The chain stick is flexible in movement.

, can be long or short. The main uses include chop, sweep, hanging, swing, etc. The golden cudgel is also a type of stick. The stick is about eight feet long, and there are iron or copper hoops more than a foot long at the tip and base of the stick. The main methods of hitting the golden cudgel include chop, collapse, swing, sweep, wrap, wrap, wrap, twist, twist, dot, tick, cloud, block, pick, lift, hang, poke, etc. (In addition, the "golden cudgel" used by Sun Wukong in the myth of "Journey to the West" is mainly used to subdue monsters and eliminate monsters, which is not a basis for myth).

Shovel: One of the martial arts equipment. It is a long weapon with a thin body and wide blade. Shovels are weapons and martial arts equipment for ancient wars evolved from production tools. Shovels are also weapons for ancient people and monks to accompany them. The shovel head is generally made of iron, but the rods are made of wood or iron. The shovel is six or seven feet long. The head is one foot and two inches long, and the flat one is crescent-shaped, with the crescent-shaped crescent-shaped crescent-shaped, with thin and sharp, and gradually thicker backwards. There is a sleeve at the bottom connected to the handle. The tail of the shovel handle is equipped with a drill, which can be used as a piercing point. Some shovel heads have a hole at each corner of the bottom, and a thick iron ring is placed on the top, and the dance sounds make a sound to increase the power. The main methods of hitting are pushing, pressing, slapping, rolling, shovel, intercepting, picking, slashing, slashing, shaking, etc. The crescent-shaped shovel is named because its head is like a crescent. The golden bell shovel shovel head looks like a bell, with the blade facing up. The shovel handle is six feet long. The sun and moon are convenient.

Buddhist monks often hold it. It is about five feet long and is made of iron. There are knives at both ends. One end is in the shape of a crescent moon. There are four small holes in the moon examination, which are divided into four iron rings. The other end is like an inverted species, about 7 inches long. One hole is chiseled on both sides of the tail end, and there are iron rings, and the handle is more than inch thick. Both ends of the Zen stick can be used. Lu Zhishen, a hero of Liangshan in the Song Dynasty, was good at this weapon. Axe: a type of s. Axes have different names due to their different styles and uses. However, the general styles are basically similar, both of which are fan-shaped blades on one side and rectangular on the other side, and wooden handles are installed at the bottom. The usage of axes include: picking, blocking, latching, chopping, wiping, and stabbing. As one of the equipment of martial arts, modern axes are more bulky and some routines have been lost, so it is rare to use axes. i1387
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