The Gallipoli Peninsula, which is the southwestern extension of Turkey in Europe, is sixty miles long and four to thirteen miles wide. This peninsula, which is almost deserted, mountainous and narrow, has only one dirt road that runs across the island. Looking down on the ridges and steep slopes of the seafront provide excellent defensive positions, defending the European side of the Dardanelles, a forty-mile waterway flows from the Marmara Sea into the Aegean Sea, ranging in width from one thousand four hundred yards to four miles. In ancient times, Dardanell, known for the Halesponte, never freezes; but its two-way currents, swift winds and violent storms made sailing difficult.

On August 2, 1915, the British Command, supported by the Russian army, decided to use three divisions to conduct a new large landing in Sophra Bay northwest of Gallipoli. The next morning, more than a dozen old coal transport ships were converted into landing crafts with huge doors installed on the hull, carrying soldiers from Britain, France, Australia and Russia, braved the wind and rain to successfully land in Sophra Bay.

Due to relatively sufficient preparations in advance, the landing of Sufula Bay basically did not encounter unexpected resistance from the outnumbered Turkish army, and the Turkish army retreated from the beach to the high ground waiting for assistance.

The indecisive poet General Hamilton did not continue the attack, but discussed with the staff the direction to attack. Given that there was no detailed peninsula map, some people suggested defending on the spot and waiting for more Russian reinforcements.

However, in the night, a large number of Russian troops arrived. In order to speed up the transportation speed, the railway line from Ukraine through Romania to Bulgaria stopped all civilian business, and all the cars were filled with empty-handed Russian soldiers. After a journey of more than ten hours, the soldiers who had just got off the train immediately took all means of transportation, including cars and carriages, to the harbor, and boarded the British and French transport ships. On the ship, the Russian soldiers obtained various types of rifles, including the Springfield rifle from the United States.

With the arrival of reinforcements, the British Commander-in-Chief ordered an "immediate attack". Hamilton did not dare to neglect and launched an attack overnight. The poet did not know that the reason why the Commander-in-Chief issued such an order was strongly urged by the Russian emperor, and most of the troops landing in Sophra Bay were Russian troops, so London naturally accepted it.

Therefore, with the advantage of quantity and the loss of certain casualties, the coalition forces occupied several highlands near the beach and continued to infiltrate inland.

On August 6, the vanguard of the coalition forces encountered two Turkish divisions who came to support. Without the condescending geographical advantage, the Turkish army was quickly repelled and the coalition continued to advance, but the geographical environment of the canopy delayed the marching speed. A week later, the coalition forces finally found the only road on the peninsula, and the soldiers' feet could feel a little more comfortable.

General Hamilton's victory ignited hope for the British. In September, two British divisions and one French division were transferred to Soufra Bay to support the continuous combat coalition.

...........

In October, the 5th Army of the Turkish Army, facing two fronts, could not hold on. The supreme commander of the army, the German General Zanderz, had to retreat across the board. However, after evacuating the peninsula, Zanderz found that he was facing fierce attacks from the Russian army, just like the Turkish Army in the European part of the Ottomans.

Just as Zanderz was worried about his life, a transfer order from Berlin allowed him to see hope for life: he immediately took a submarine and returned to Germany.

On October 9, Zanderz left everything behind and, under the escort of several German guards, boarded the submarine returning home. At the same time, German advisers and technicians in Istanbul also began to evacuate because the British and French fleets entered the Dardanelles and entered the Marmara Sea. The Russian Black Sea Fleet was ready to move, and the Bospurus Strait would be out of stock. Turkey's two arsenals near Istanbul were exposed to the close-range flat-fire firepower of Russian warships. The Ottoman Empire was shaking.

At the end of October, under the Russian army's sea tactics, the Turkish army's defense line in Europe finally collapsed. The extremely war-weary Turkish soldiers mutinied and surrendered. Under the leadership of middle and lower-level officers, they launched a military change and proposed a ceasefire to the Russian army.

These are not enough. What makes Turkey's Sudan even more troublesome is that on November 2, Greece suddenly joined the war. Soon, the Greek Navy cooperated with the British and French navies to completely control the entire Aegean Sea. The Greek Army quickly mobilized 200,000 people, and with the support of the joint navy, it occupied all islands along Turkey's coast, and Turkey was trapped in a three-sided siege.

...........

The Ottoman Empire, on the verge of collapse, had to make a decision. The revolutionary atmosphere in the country became hotter and hotter, and ending the war became the only choice. On November 9, 1915, Turkish Sultan Mohammed V sent a special envoy to discuss surrender with the coalition forces. The envoys who were eager to seek peace agreed to the harsh conditions issued by the coalition forces. Three days later, the two sides signed an armistice agreement.

According to the agreement, the Sudanese government led by Mohammed V will continue to exist. For domestic revolutionary activities, Britain, France and Russia will help Sudan suppress it; Britain occupied Arabia, Jordan and Iraq, France occupied Hatai, Lebanon, Russia occupied Palestine and Syria, Italy controlled southern Anatolia, and Greece obtained Izmir; the Strait of Dardanelles belonged to Britain, the Strait of Bospurus belonged to Russia, Britain and Russia jointly occupied Istanbul and officially renamed Constantinople.

However, the Greeks were not satisfied, and their army continued to advance into the Turkish inland to seize the small towns and villages that were not divided.

.........

In addition to dividing Turkey, at the suggestion of the Russian emperor, the coalition forces formed a special military court to judge senior Turkish officers. However, the trial became a win-win, and the generals of the Turkish army could choose to surrender to the British, Russian, or French.

There are exceptions in everything. A few patriotic generals of the Turkish army were unmoved, and some middle and lower-level officers were also secretly planning to resist. However, Colonel Kemal had no chance to lead the Turkish Revolution. After the Ottoman Empire surrendered, the agents who entered Constantinople with the Russian army immediately set their sights on him. According to Anna's instructions, Kemal soon had an accident and died. As for whether a second "Kemal" would appear, Anna didn't know, but the death of this great man would make Turkey's road more difficult.

Mr. Churchill's original purpose was achieved, and he captured Dardanell, and the only passage to the Russian Black Sea port was opened, and it would facilitate transportation with Britain's oriental allies. In Moscow, Anna was also very grateful that in addition to the land route on the Balkans, the water route on the Black Sea was also opened, and the speed of aid supplies from Britain and France would be greatly improved, so that he could concentrate on dealing with Germany.

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