Chapter 79 Target Istanbul (5)
Although the British and French coalition attack on the Dardanelles delayed for several months, it restrained more than 400,000 local troops. In early 1915, the Russian army surrounding the Fortress of Przemesir received an order to retreat. The Russian army marched eastward while looting local residents in Galicia on the spot and replenishing supplies.
At the same time, in the German-Russian border area, the Russian army also began a large-scale retreat. The soldiers took away all the things they could take and destroyed all the things they could not take. All the Polish residents were forced to follow the army and moved their families to the mainland. Most of them lost all their property and were caught on the train like animals. In order to improve transportation efficiency, each carriage was filled with people.
These Poles will be sent to Minsk, Kursk, Kiev and Kharkov, and Anna arranged their jobs - to go to factories to do hard work. Of course, Anna has left a hand. If someone disobeys or is passive and slacking off, the vast Siberia will be their last destination.
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On the Caucasus Front, after a two-month defensive war, Voroshilov launched a large-scale counterattack in early 1915. In two months, the officers and soldiers of the army understood Voroshilov's character, which was the spirit of desperate sabbatross and the spirit of not fearing death. Every time he fought, Voroshilov had to go to the front line to inspect. Sometimes he had to whim, pick up a rifle and jump into the trenches regardless of the guard's obstruction.
As for tactics and tactics, Voroshilov firmly believed that "offensive is the best defense". After fighting for two months of defensive battle, he was so angry that he finally received the order of the command to "immediately launch a counterattack" in early January, Voroshilov was so excited that he couldn't sleep all night. That night, the horn of the Russian counterattack sounded, and Voroshilov ordered the entire army to go into battle, except for non-combatants and wounded soldiers.
The Turkish army did not expect the Russians to attack and responded hastily. As a result, they could not stop the Russian army's crazy charge. After dawn, the commander of the 9th Army of the Turkish army discovered that nearly 100,000 people from the entire army were surrounded by a large number of Russian troops.
Breaking through the siege is the only choice for the Turkish army. Although the senior officers of the 9th Army were determined to fight, the lower-level officers and ordinary soldiers had no confidence in fighting to the end. Especially after the bad news of "surrounded by the Russian army" spread throughout the military camp, the number of soldiers who were abandoned quickly increased.
In the following days, as the encirclement became smaller and smaller, a large number of organized surrenders appeared. In the end, the Russian army captured more than 50,000 prisoners, as well as a large number of wounded soldiers and dead bodies.
However, in Bulgaria, the Russian army responsible for attacking the European territory of the Ottoman Empire encountered trouble. Although Budjonny received more reinforcements, the charge of the Cossack cavalry seemed so weak in the face of the strict barbed wire and machine guns of the Turkish army. The Turkish army responsible for defending European territory was more tenacious than imagined. They were almost driven out of Europe in the Balkan War two years ago. Now only a small piece of land from southeast Bulgaria to the Black Sea remained. Once lost, the empire that claimed to have "spanned the Eurasian and African continents" would be in name only, and the capital Istanbul would face the danger of being captured. Therefore, when the Turkish Sultan was closely following the Dardanelles, he issued a death order to the army fighting in Europe: persevere until the last moment!
Compared with the stalemate on land, the situation at sea seems very optimistic. The naval commander Kolchak, who has a special liking for his military career, personally served as the commander of the Black Sea Fleet. Kolchak, who is good at bending the mines every day, commanding the mines and ships deep into the enemy's waters. Near the Bospurus Strait, the Black Sea estuary, sank several German and Turkish warships, and firmly grasp the control of the Black Sea in the hands of the Russian army.
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The war reports kept spreading to Moscow. The victory in the Caucasus and the Black Sea was as expected by Anna, but she did not expect that the Turks valued the last small piece of territory in Europe so much. More than 200,000 Russian troops fought hard for several months and only advanced dozens of kilometers. It seems that they must cooperate with the British.
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In Dardanell, Britain and France organized several attacks from April to July, but none of them succeeded. Throughout the summer, the coalition soldiers were strongly oppressed by artillery fire above. In this rocky terrain, they found that digging on the roots of solid shrubs with small shovels was useless. The soldiers desperately searched for cave-like caves in this steep hilly land to avoid artillery fire.
At the same time, as the temperature rises, in order to prevent the epidemic that can destroy both sides, the two sides cease to fight for 9 hours every day to bury the dead of Turkey and the Allies. During the war, in order to cooperate with the landing operations, the navies of both sides dispatched submarines, each losing some warships and transport ships. The space for the landing battle was expanded, but they still only obtained some unpromoted fronts and a series of new casualties.
The huge casualties could not bring great victory. The British Command finally gave up its ambition to occupy Istanbul and the two straits alone. They needed more troops and launched a second landing at a new location. Therefore, the British remembered Russian allies with numerous troops.
Soon, representatives of the Russian and British troops met in Greece. The two sides reaffirmed the importance of joint combat. After several days of discussion, the Russian military representatives agreed to mobilize troops and go to the Gallipoli Peninsula to assist in the war through British ships. Britain must increase military aid to Russia and further reduce the amount of loans.
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In early 1915, the German base camp decided to concentrate its forces to defeat Russia first and force Russia to cease the war on the Western Front, thus ending the war on the Eastern Front and avoiding the dilemma of continuing to fall into the two-line battle. In May, the German and Austrian coalition gathered more than 1 million troops and more than 2,000 cannons, divided the troops to attack the Russian army in two groups, and planned to force the Russian army into the "Polish pocket" to annihilate. Among them, the "Oriental Legion" led by Hindenburg and Rudendolf, as the vanguard, quickly occupied Lemburg, Ivangorod, Warsaw, Brest, Verno and Riga. The Austrian army also conquered Galicia as wished. By August, the German and Austrian coalition occupied the entire Russian Poland and Lithuania. The Russian army retreated to the front line from the Gulf of Riga to the Transnistria.
Obviously, the summer of 1915 became the golden summer of the German army, and Hindenburg became a national hero in the hearts of the German people. In the eyes of soldiers, Hindenburg was the god of war, an invincible war! However, when all the Germans celebrated their victory, only Rudendolf was depressed, because until now, the highest officer of the Russian army was not annihilated, and the captive officer was only a colonel. In the three months of fighting, all Russian prisoners had only 176,000, although they had lost only 40,000 people.
When autumn came, Rudendolf became more and more nervous. He had a gut feeling: he was deceived!
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Chapter completed!