In ancient times, people always had too many beautiful fantasies about the moon, but that was just because the "we" at that time could not see clearly enough.

The real moon is a magnificent desert, with nothing but sand and gravel.

Because the moon is very close to the earth in space, this geography has naturally become the first choice for humans to explore the universe and the first destination for Xihe Project to step out of the global village.

Starting from this human era, from ancient times to the present, human observation, exploration and thinking about the moon have completely run through the historical process of human civilization.

In the earliest period, humans could only use their naked eyes to simply observe the moon by relying on vision. Due to the orbits between planets, people saw from the ground that the moon had phases and wavy light and dark spots.

It was not until the Enlightenment era after the development of technology that people used telescopes for the first time.

With the help of high-precision telescopes and other astronomical measurement instruments, the moon's moon sea, highland and crater structures were gradually clearly identified by astronomers, and the exquisite moon map was finally successfully drawn.

Even many typical lunar features have names given by the Earthlings. Of course, those were Westerners. At that time, China happened to be ruled by a barbaric nation and had no technological improvement.

After the technological revolution, humans began to invent various lunar probes to observe satellites in the sky, and their observation of the moon was one step closer...

In the mid-20th century, that is, now, the launch of lunar space probes marked the peak moment in history for human exploration of the moon.

Especially in recent years, the implementation of the complete lunar landing plan under the implementation of the Earth-Corruption Project led by the Chinese Federal Government has conducted a detailed survey of the front and back of the moon.

By dispatching remotely controlled robots, the Chinese Federation has obtained 542 kilograms of lunar rock soil specimens from the moon, and the Chinese scientific community has also gained unprecedented understanding of the moon's space environment, landform, geology, structure, origin and evolution.

Even many citizens of the Chinese Federation are fantasizing that perhaps in the near future, the Chinese will be able to build bases, laboratories and factories on the moon for long-term residence.

He even fantasized about developing the moon's energy and mineral resources, turning the moon into the Earth's satellite city, and becoming a space dock and cosmic supply station for Earthlings to enter other planets.

In human lunar exploration activities, the Xihe project of the Chinese Federation will be the most worthy of exaggeration in history, and China and the United States have carried out a massive lunar exploration plan.

However, due to insufficient technical reserves, the United States lags behind the Chinese Federation in this regard. However, Eisenhower also proposed the government's Apollo project plan for the moon without hesitation, and the US Congress has also passed the fiscal budget.

Even if the moon landing could not be launched immediately, the Americans were not willing to fall behind. They immediately responded to China and proposed their own moon landing plan in a tit-for-tat way.

The first human journey to the moon began in the warm early spring of 1956, which is now.

However, several mainstream human powers currently have basically no clear understanding of the characteristics of the moon's surface, but before starting to prepare for the expedition to the moon, such knowledge obviously has very important practical significance.

The Americans have successfully launched their satellites into the sky, and the Chinese Federation has begun to frequently launch lunar probes into space and fly to the moon.

But whether it is the Chinese Federation or the United States, this first step of lunar exploration plan ended in failure before it was implemented.

The first "Voyager" detector of the China Federation began its journey first, but as soon as it took off to an altitude of 20,000 meters, it was burned by the rocket's accidental explosion.

This incident happened last week, and it was broadcast live at that time, which resulted in a huge public pressure on the new head of Hualian Li Zongren.

Coincidentally, the first Pioneer detector of the United States fell to the Atlantic Ocean less than two minutes after taking off due to a rocket failure.

Afterwards, US President Eisenhower had to apologize to the American people and admitted that the United States still has a certain gap with the Chinese Federation in rocket technology. It is a bit inappropriate to launch the lunar probe now.

Since the early spring of 1956, after the Chinese federal government took the lead in launching the "Voyager" probe, China has launched five lunar probes of different specifications and functions, successfully thirty-two of the total thirty-six launches.

The first launch of the lunar exploration satellite from the United States was only two and a half months later than the Chinese Federation. In the hot summer of 1956, the United States successfully launched a Moon probe into space.

In the following years, the United States launched a total of 24 lunar series and 5 detector series lunar probes. A total of 28 times, of which 18 were successful.

In this way, at this stage, China and the United States launched a fierce competition for dominance in the space field.

The lunar exploration activities at this stage have gone through five stages: long-distance flight, hard landing, soft landing, flying around the moon, and landing on the moon.

It can be said that in the first five stages since 1955, the Chinese Federation has been far ahead of the United States, taking the lead in achieving lunar exploration feats such as lunar gliding detection, soft landing on the moon, orbiting the moon, lunar sample collection, lunar inspection and other lunar exploration feats, creating many "firsts" in the field of unmanned lunar exploration.

Although, in the past few years of lunar landing competition, the political factors of the "Cold War" have directly led to an extremely fierce competitive relationship between the two superpowers, and the two sides have therefore used the level of space technology as a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the political system.

Although both China and the United States are promoting how exciting it is to land on the moon, in terms of its political nature, the political circles of both countries use "falling" each other as the driving force for technological progress, rather than really trying to land on the moon itself.

However, from the broad perspective of human universe exploration, the "Cold War" is just an insignificant era. All the "defeats" of both sides are the difficulties of scientific exploration. It is the tuition and price paid by mankind to step out of the cradle of the earth.

All the "wins" on both sides are the crystallization of human wisdom and the brilliant achievements of social progress and scientific and technological development.

In the field of unmanned lunar exploration, the Chinese Federation and the United States have successively developed three generations of unmanned lunar probes, which represent the technical level of lunar exploration projects at different stages.

From simply taking photos of the moon to automatically collecting lunar samples and returning to the earth, and then using a lunar rover to patrol the moon surface, the technology has been advanced than the previous generation, the weight of the detector is getting higher and higher, and the carrying capacity of the rocket launching the detector is getting greater and greater.

The first generation of lunar probes of the Chinese Federation are Xihe 1 to Xihe 3, which are small probes with mass between 380 kg and 400 kg. The mission is just to fly by side from near the moon, or to land on the moon by hard landing.

The first space expedition of the Chinese Federation was a huge success - although the flight orbit of the "Xihe 1" on the maiden voyage was deviated and even the moon's shoulders were not rubbed. However, it still wore the crown of "the world's first probe to fly near the moon".

"Xihe No. 2" is also highly regarded. He is like a sharp arrow hitting the "bull's eye" of the moon, crashing on the desolate moon surface, becoming the first man-made object in human history in this era to hit the moon.

Xihe 2 took many photos from the moon and also obtained this important detection data that the moon itself has no magnetic field.

The achievements of "Xihe 3" are even more inspiring. It successfully circled the back of the moon and took photos of the back of the moon for the first time, reporting the secrets on the back of the moon to humans.

It is very difficult to fly to the moon. You must know that even if you fly at a second cosmic speed of 12 kilometers per second, it will take at least nine and a half hours, but during this period, the moon will move more than 40,000 kilometers in orbit.

If you have to use an appropriate metaphor to describe it, then trying to aim at the moon is equivalent to using a hunting rifle to aim at a running rabbit hundreds of kilometers away!

Every launch of a lunar probe requires precise calculations and predictions to achieve success. For this reason, Huaxia Federation scrapped three satellites and lost four billion worth of equipment!

Among the second generation of lunar probes, the Huaxia Federation has developed Xihe 4 to Xihe 14. These new technical products undertake the complex task of soft landing on the lunar surface, the most successful of which is the Xihe 7 probe.

Among the second-generation Xihe lunar probes of the Chinese Federation, thanks to the emergence of large-scale rocket technology, the mass of the probe has also been increased to two tons, and the "Crazy Thunder" third-stage launch vehicle, which was originally intended to be used to launch Venus and Mars rovers.

However, the routes of these more technologically advanced second-generation products are different from those of the first generation of the old predecessors. The first stage will first be launched into the earth's mooring orbit about 200 kilometers.

Subsequently, the multi-stage rocket will ignite again. The second-generation Xihe probe will be sent onto the moon, and the flight orbit will be corrected on the way, and then finally arrive at the moon accurately.

Starting from January 1957 until March 1929, the China Federal Space Administration carried out a total of twelve probe launch projects, the most famous of which were "Xihe 7" and "Xihe 8", which achieved soft landing on the moon and orbiting the moon for the first time respectively.

By the end of the moon landing plan, the third generation of lunar probes began to appear, which also made lunar exploration technology a huge leap forward, and represented the most advanced space exploration technology of mankind in this era.

The mass of these third-generation lunar probes is all over six tons and are launched using the "Giant God" heavy transport rocket.

The third-generation lunar probe includes three types: automatic collection of lunar samples and returning to the earth, around-the-moon flight detection and lunar rover inspection.

From May 1961 to July 1963, the China Federation conducted sixteen launches and broadcasted them twelve times to the world, among which Xihe No. 18 retrieved the lunar soil samples for the first time.

The first unmanned lunar rover, Kashi-1, carried by Xihe 20, worked on the moon for a year and a month, while Xihe 21 became the first heavy detector to fly around the moon in the Chinese Federation.

Regarding the competition for the Jiaxi-1 unmanned lunar rover, Chen Yongmian's Pegasus Power and Liu Yongzhuo's Huayang Power launched a fierce technological competition. In the end, Chen Yongmian's Pegasus Power Enterprise Automobile was technologically superior and obtained the manufacturing rights of this lunar rover.

Liu Yongzhuo's Huayang Power has a very advantage in cost. However, considering that the moon landing plan is a national project, technology is obviously more important than cost.

At the same time, the United States has implemented four unmanned lunar exploration plans in seven years, one is the "Pioneer" series of probes, and the other is the "Prowler" series of probes, which mainly conduct preliminary observations of the moon surface.

The third is the "Surveyor" series of detectors, used for soft landing and on-site inspection of the mechanical properties of the lunar surface. The fourth is the "Moon Orbiter" series of detectors, which map the moon and obtain data for selecting landing sites.

These plans were originally proposed for scientific research on the surface of the moon, but when the Apollo moon landing project was officially launched, the US government immediately adjusted them all into auxiliary plans for the moon landing plan. It also formulated a new mission, which was to provide detailed data on the moon to prepare for manned moon landing.

The "Pilot" series is a relatively unlucky series, from "Pilot" No. 1 to "Pilot" No. 5. None of the "Brothers" succeeded.

Their failure is not because they have a big problem. It is mainly because the US launch vehicle design was not up to standard at this time, and the rocket did not have enough carrying capacity to enable the "pioneers" to reach the speed of the earth's escape and run to the moon.

Because of the aggressiveness of the Chinese Federation, the United States has not been able to challenge the outer space after making sufficient technical reserves as originally in time and space.

Lack of sufficient heavy launch vehicle technology, under the hasty action of the Eisenhower government, the Apollo project had to be put on the shelves, which led to a large number of problems.

"Pioneer" 4 at least passed by the far end of the moon, but no clear photos of the moon were taken. Therefore, the "Pioneer" series is not yet considered the first generation of lunar probes in the United States.

The first generation of lunar probes in the United States were the "Prowler" series. From 1961 to 1965, a total of 9 "Prowlers" were launched.

The mission of the "Prowler" lunar probe is to take pictures of the lunar surface at close range before the hard landing of the lunar surface. Its mass is about 0.35 tons, and the route to the moon is also different from the route chosen by the Chinese Federation.

The American lunar exploration satellite first launched it into a near-Earth orbit with the God of the universe, and ignited it through the Akina B upper stage rocket for a second time, sending the "Prowler" into the orbit of the moon.

There are 9 "Brothers" in the "Prowler" series, and 6 "dead". After paying the expensive "tuition fee", all the lunar probes were finally successfully launched in the last three.

The second generation of lunar probes is the "Reconnaissance" series. Its main purpose was to conquer the soft landing technology on the lunar surface, detect various characteristics of lunar surface terrain and lunar matter, and hit the front station for manned moon landing.

The "Surveyor" series has a high success rate, with only No. 2 and No. 4 failing, and all others achieved soft landings. More than 87,000 lunar images were sent back, and excavation and experiments were also conducted on the surface of the moon. This greatly increased people's understanding of the moon and completed technical preparations for manned moon landing.

The third generation of lunar probes is the "Moon Orbiter" series, which was launched five times from 1966 to 1967, and all of them were successful. The "Moon Orbiter" series flies around the moon.

In fact, the development of rocket technology originated from the China Federation's research and development of intercontinental missile technology, which is why China has mastered the key technologies of launch vehicles before the United States.

In 1959, the New Year had just passed. On February 15, in a secret space launch site in Mongolia, a modified super heavy launch vehicle roared straight into the sky, sending a lunar probe into space.

The next day, the Chinese federal government immediately announced to the world through a press conference that the successfully launched lunar probe Xihe 7 has now landed on the moon from near-moon orbit.

This news instantly shocked the entire human world and became the front-page headline of media in various countries. The Chinese Federation successfully gained the lead in the Sino-US lunar landing competition.

Unlike the technical "firsts" I got before, Xihe 7 has now become the first exploration satellite to successfully land on the moon. This probe was originally designed for manned moon landing, but now there are no passengers.

In the vast starry sky, this 65-ton probe was launched by the "Mad Thunder" heavy rocket. It did not pass through the orbit, but flew directly to the moon, reaching a speed of 120 kilometers per second.

The next day, "Xihe 7" successfully achieved a soft landing on the surface of the moon.

Xihe 7 carried a magnetometer, ion cavity and micrometeoroid detection device. During the flight, it measured the magnetic fields of the moon and the earth, the intensity of cosmic rays, and also measured the plasma current "solar wind" emitted by the sun.

I remember that a few years ago, Xihe 2 of the Chinese Federation took off again. It aimed at the moon and ran away, and then hit the Modolica Crater near Archimedes Crater east of the Modolica Sea at a speed of 3 kilometers per second.

The huge energy made the moon rock dust fly high, the highest one reach 480 kilometers, and the farthest splash distance is 3,000 kilometers, leaving a small round pit there.

It is said that at the critical moment when Xihe 2 approached the moon, chief designer Qian Xuesen and his assistants gathered in the flight control room. In addition to the clear signals sent back by Xihe 2, the control room was silent.

The moment when the half-ton Xihe 2 lunar probe arrived on the surface of the moon and collided directly with the moon, the nervous designers could not suppress their excitement and all jumped up.

That time was the first time in the history of human civilization that man-made objects landed on the moon, and the first time they were branded with imprints of human society on the moon.

When it was 110,000 kilometers away from the earth, Xihe 2 released one kilogram of sodium, forming a golden sodium gas cloud in black space for 5 minutes, mainly to facilitate tracking and observation by ground personnel.

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