Chapter 337 Sino-German Cooperation

Lin Sen's appointment as President of the country made Jiang Ruiyuan not have to worry about political resistance at all, and launched a comprehensive military reform and reorganization to deal with the subsequent crisis.

On the battlefield of Songhu, the collision between the ** army and the Japanese army made Jiang Ruiyuan more intuitively and deeply realize the huge gap between his troops and the Japanese elite. He did not have Ma Ziren's courage and used the lives of the people to consume the energy of Japan. Jiang Ruiyuan always believed that war should be the responsibility of soldiers.

The so-called comprehensive war of resistance and mobilizing mass support are all shames for soldiers. The country should defend the people, not the other way around.

Reforming military and preparing weapons is all about enhancing the combat capabilities of soldiers and defending the country and sovereignty with a better attitude. Although Jiang Ruiyuan received a lot of economic aid from the United States, he still mainly relied on the Hualian and Germany in military terms. Due to past conflicts and conflicts, Jiang Ruiyuan obviously trusted the Germans who had no relationship with each other.

The cooperation between the two sides has not been a day or two. China and Germany have already had very deep conflicts in the military field. At this point, both the ** government and the Hualian League are actually the same.

As a powerful European army country, Germany has always been a target of learning and imitation for some relatively backward countries in military affairs. For example, the army established during the Meiji Restoration in Japan almost copied the entire set of military ideas of the Prussian Army, constructing systems and standardized scriptures.

China began to learn about moral affairs very early, and the new army established in the late Qing Dynasty had a deep imprint of moral influence.

As early as 1927, after the cooperative relationship between the ** Party and Hongmen broke down completely, Jiang Ruiyuan's ** government quickly expelled Soviet military advisers and began to seek military assistance from Germany.

Germany was in a difficult day after its defeat in the First World War. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, it could only have an army of 100,000 people, and a large number of professional soldiers were forced to leave the army. These soldiers who knew nothing about knowledge and technology in other fields except military knowledge became famous teachers rushing to hire by various countries.

This is especially true for countries with relatively backward military fields.

However, the Treaty of Versailles clearly stipulates that German citizens are not allowed to serve as military advisers in foreign teams, while the German side hopes that they will go abroad to serve as military advisers, so that these retired personnel can take advantage of the opportunities of serving in foreign military forces and obtain the latest developed military knowledge and technology, so that the German team will not have any faults in military academic aspects.

It also has the deep meaning of hoping that these personnel can continue to serve in the German team after returning to China. Therefore, the German side secretly encouraged and supported these personnel to go abroad to serve as military advisers.

The ** government actually led by Jiang Ruiyuan began to contact the German side as early as before the April 12th Incident in 1927, and Germany agreed in principle to send military advisers to China. The initial list of consultants proposed by China was a group of people who were famous in World War I, such as Von Mackenson, Rudendolph, etc.

However, the German side believed that these people were too famous and easy to be discovered, so they politely refused. The first German consultant to come to China was Colonel Max Ball. Although this person was unknown, he served in the German General Staff. He was highly appreciated by Chief of Staff Rudendolf for his outstanding military talents.

In addition to Max Ball, there were Lieutenant Stuzner and Lieutenant Homel, a total of three, thus unveiling the honeymoon journey of Sino-German military cooperation.

In the field of Sino-German military cooperation, Hitler saw Chiang Kai-shek's government expel Soviet advisers, had a feud with the Soviet Union, launched the April 12 Incident, and encircled and suppressed the Red Army, mainly the lower-class people led by Hongmen, and other actions were very consistent with his firm political stance.

At the same time, China's rich natural resources and vast industrial products market are also important convenient conditions for Germany's revival, especially strategic resources such as tungsten and antimony, which are the main military materials that Germany lacks. Moreover, as a neighbor of the Soviet Union, it can be used as an effective restraining force and a political ally to jointly oppose the Soviet Union.

In 1933, Hitler won the German general election and became the German Chancellor. In addition, after he came to power, he abolished the various restrictions on the Treaty of Versailles, so the level and scale of consultants in Germany gradually increased, and originally had a private nature that was concealed and gradually turned into public official aid.

Sino-German military cooperation gradually entered the country. Not only did the two sides sign the "Five-Year Military Industry Development Plan", Germany began to help China establish a military industry and provide military equipment to China before the China-German industry was completed, but also, the fourth General Advisor of Germany-German Affairs, General Hans von Seckert, submitted the "Army Reform Recommendation" in assisting China in reorganizing and building the army.

This proposal is very critical. It proposes to first establish a small core demonstration armed with limited material and financial resources, and then complete the reorganization of 60 divisions across the country in batches and phases. He believes that China has such an elite standing army of 60 divisions to cope with various situations. This is the source of the 60 reorganization division plan of the ** Army in the 1930s.

Hans von Seckert is not simple either, because of this proposal, he became the most respected by Jiang Ruiyuan among the general consultants of the German affairs department, the highest treatment and the highest status. He can even issue instructions to the heads of various departments of the Kuomintang government on behalf of Jiang Ruiyuan as the "chairman's trustee".

However, although the military reorganization plan was confirmed, almost all weapons and equipment had to be transported from Germany to here, and the journey was long. The government itself was unable to establish its own industrial foundation and was really powerless to do anything about these things.

It is precisely because of this that the coup plan has priorities and is different from the primary and secondary. The core elites of the direct line can naturally be reorganized earlier and can be allocated more excellent weapons and ammunition, but the treatment of secondary main forces and marginalized troops must be much worse, which is common sense.

Even in the troops that receive guidance and training of German consultants, the degree of participation of German consultants is different from the depth and severity. Some divisions have only one German consultant at all levels.

Among all the troops, the four direct troops of Jiang Ruiyuan, the most German-style consultant, the most complete German equipment and the most adequate training are the four iron-core troops of Jiang Ruiyuan, the 36th Division, the 87th Division and the 88th Division.

The teaching corps, whose full name is the teaching corps of the Central Army Officer's School, is the teaching corps affiliated to the Central Army Officer's School, and is a demonstration corps in the **. The predecessor of the Central Army Officer's School was the famous Whampoa Military Academy. The earliest predecessor of the Teaching corps can be traced back to the famous Whampoa Student Army during the Eastern Expedition and Northern Expedition during the Great** period.

The Whampoa Military Academy was the beginning of Jiang Ruiyuan's career, so Jiang Ruiyuan has always favored the Whampoa Military Academy. The most advanced equipment, the most advanced tactical training, and the most advanced troops were often experimented first by the Central Military Academy. The Central Military Academy has always adhered to the tradition since its establishment and maintained a regiment-level infantry teaching force with considerable combat effectiveness and several company-level special forces teaching forces.

In May 1930, the Central Military Academy formally formed a 2nd teaching division organized into two brigades and six regiments, which was the heyday of the early Central Military Academy's teaching troops.

This teaching 2nd Division almost included all the new weapons of the Central Military Academy. Its special forces included two artillery regiments, that is, two teaching artillery regiments of the Central Military Academy. In addition, the cavalry company, engineering company, baggage company, academic barracks and combat chariot convoys can be called a tiger-like hall.

Among the entire Central Army, the second division of the teaching was second only to Feng Yipei's teaching of the 1st division, and the 4th Division, which became famous in the battlefield of the War of Resistance Against Japan, was formed on the basis of teaching the 2nd division.

In January 1931, under the plan of the German Affairs Consultant, the Central Military Academy officially began to organize the teaching corps, which was initially organized into two infantry battalions, artillery company, engineering company, cavalry company, mortar company, spy company and communication company.

The officers and soldiers mainly selected elite soldiers from the original Artillery Regiment, Special Battalion, Engineer Company, Cavalry Company and Military Academy Guards. This regiment-level teaching force mainly conducts the organization test of German infantry regiments and the application of new German weapons, and is an experimental force that takes the lead in order to comprehensively carry out the construction of German divisions.

The commander of the corps leader, Major General Tang Guangji, was born in the Northwest Army and graduated from the famous Baoding Military Academy. The reason he chose Tang Guangji was entirely because he graduated from a professional school, especially good at military training, and had been working in the Central Military Academy after the Northern Expedition.

Deputy Commander Zhu Zonghai, formerly the Director of the Staff Office of the 2nd Division, was an artillery instructor of the Central Military Academy. He was responsible for the staff business of the Corps. The two infantry battalions belonging to were mainly used for organization and testing. The artillery company was equipped with German 75mm Bufos mountain cannons, mainly exploring the specific application of German equipment. The engineering company was equipped with new German engineer equipment, while the cavalry company replaced cannons with bird guns and modified motorcycles.

In March 1932, Zhu Zonghai was promoted to the commander of the corps commander, and Zhang Lu, a senior instructor who graduated from the 6th class of Baoding Military Academy in September 1932, took over as the commander of the commander. During this period, the teaching corps were just purely exemplary experimental units. It was not until Gui Yongqing became the commander of the commander of the commander in June 1933 that the situation was completely changed.

The teaching corps became a field force. The deputy commander Zhou Zhenqiang and Zhang Kunsheng were both from the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy and were classmates with Gui Yongqing. The command of the corps was established with the Staff Office, the Adjutant Office and the Management Office. The troops were expanded into the 1st Regiment, with three infantry battalions under the jurisdiction, the artillery company and the communication company directly under the regiment, and the regiment commander was also served by Zhou Zhenqiang.

The corps directly under the sergeant battalion, spy company, cavalry company, engineer company, communication sergeant company, officer education team, health team, military music platoon and automobile team. After the corps was expanded, the corps was transferred to the Nanjing Xiaolingwei, which was located on the southern foot of Zhongshan. The ** government forced the relocation of six natural villages and circled a large area of ​​land to build the base camp of the tutoring team.

The 36th Division, 87th Division and 88th Division are brothers of the same lineage. In the Central Army, it is neither the 1st Army system of Hu Zongnan, nor the 13th Army system of Tang Enbo, nor Chen Cheng's civil engineering system, but the guard force of Jiang Ruiyuan, the standard direct line among the direct line.

After the establishment of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924, the military academy guards were formed to be responsible for Principal Jiang Ruiyuan's security guards and servants. Later, the guards were expanded into a spy battalion. During the Northern Expedition, it was expanded into a guard regiment of the General Headquarters of the ** Army, as the guards and escorts of Commander-in-Chief Jiang Ruiyuan.

In 1927, the ** government established the capital of Jinling, and the guard regiment was upgraded again and expanded into the capital security division, with as many as six regiments under its jurisdiction. In this way, as Jiang Ruiyuan's status rose, his guard troops also completed the fourth-level leap from the guard team, the special service battalion, the guard regiment to the security division.

Since then, the organization of the guard troops has been changed a lot. In December 1930, the Guard Division and the Military Academy Teaching First Division merged into the Guard Division. The commander of the teaching First Division was Feng Yipei, who had great military achievements. This division was recognized as the strongest combat force in the Central Army.

As for the 1st, 2nd, and 5th regiments to the original garrison division, it was reorganized into the 2nd Guard Brigade, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd regiments to the original garrison division were reorganized into the 1st Guard Brigade, and the 3rd and 4th regiments to the original garrison division were reorganized into the 1st and 2nd regiments to the original garrison division. The 6th regiments to the original garrison division were abolished and personnel were assigned to various departments.

At this time, the guard division had two brigades and six regiments under its jurisdiction, and the division was directly under two special forces, one artillery regiment and some other special forces. The total strength was almost equivalent to the two division commanders of the other units, Feng Yipei and Deputy Division Commander Yu Jishi.

In March 1931, during the army, this huge guard division was divided into two, split into two reorganized divisions with two brigades and four regiments, with the numbers being the 1st Guard Division and the 2nd Guard Division respectively.

In December 1931, Jiang Ruiyuan announced his step down under internal and external pressure, and his guard troops naturally lost the honorary title of the Guard Division. The 1st and 2nd Guard Divisions were renamed the 87th and 88th Divisions respectively.

The commander of the 87th Division, Zhang Zhizhong, deputy commander Wang Jingjiu, and chief of staff Xu Peigen. In the battle of defense of Shanghai not long ago, the division made outstanding achievements on the battlefield of Songhu.

Yu Jishi, the commander of the 88th Division, Li Yannian, and Chief of Staff Xuan Tiewu. The 36th Division has a deep connection with the above two divisions. In September 1933, on the basis of the four regiments of the two divisions, the 36th Division, the commander Song Xilian, deputy commander Zhong Bin, and Chief of Staff Xiang Xianju were formed.

It can be seen from this that the predecessors of these three divisions were Jiang Ruiyuan's guard troops, which were always directly controlled by Jiang Ruiyuan and deployed in important areas of the Gyeonggi. They were the most respected and trusted troops. Just like the personal army of the imperial guards in ancient times, the first thing that received German equipment and German training naturally fell on the heads of these three divisions without dispute.

These three divisions received German consultant training, which can be traced back to the time of the Central Military Academy in 1927. The first general consultant of German Affairs Max Ball conducted systematic instructive training on two teachers of the Central Military Academy. When the 1st teaching division and the 1st teaching division were combined into a guard division, the 1st teaching division came to the guard division.

According to the opinions of the German consultant, these three divisions and the teaching corps are demonstration units for the new reorganization of the ** Army and should not be easily transferred to the battlefield.

However, in the 128th Songhu Incident, all three divisions participated and took on heavy responsibilities. It was ridiculous to accuse Jiang Ruiyuan of passive resistance against Japan. If he put his imperial guards on the front line, this was not positive, then what is the Red Gate, who has always been hiding behind the scenes and making small moves?

Jiang Ruiyuan was even more strongly dissatisfied by German consultants. George Weizel, the head of the consulting group at that time, expressed strong protests to Jiang Ruiyuan and had disputes and conflicts with Jiang Ruiyuan. The status of these three divisions in the minds of German consultants can also be seen from this.

In the northern part of Fujian, Nanping City, this is the base of the 19th Route Army in Fujian Province. Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai have both returned here and planned to regroup and restore the vitality of the 19th Route Army. With the help of Zhou Feihuo, this is not impossible, it just takes a lot of time.

With Sanming and Putian as the boundary, the entire Fujian Province was artificially divided into two pieces. To the north is the sphere of influence of the 19th Route Army, while southern Fujian became the ruling area of ​​the Hualian.

After the war against Japan ended during the "January and 28th" Songhu Incident, Jiang Ruiyuan transferred the 19th Route Army back to Fujian with the excuse of extermination of the Red Army. This was not to take the blame, but to let the 19th Route Army die on its own. However, in fact, he was already very polite, at least he did not find an excuse to kill him like Ma Ziren.

It is the end of 1933. In the original time and space, if the Hualian had not appeared, Fujian would have had the Fujian Rebellion at this time, which is also called the Fujian Incident. Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangnai, Cai Tingkai and others launched the anti-Japanese and anti-Jiang incident in Fuzhou, Fujian with the 19th Route Army of the Party as the main force.

However, now with the emergence of the Hualian League, this turmoil will not happen. Although the 19th Route Army suffered huge losses due to defending Shanghai, as in its original history, and was dissatisfied with the lack of support from the central government.

But Li Jishen is now a commander-in-law, staying by Jiang Ruiyuan as an aide, without money or soldiers, and unable to support the 19th Route Army. The entire Guangdong Province is not the rear of Jiang Guangnai and others, but has hostile forces that have fought each other. Even the 19th Route Army is only half of Fujian left, and there is no confidence to provoke the central government at all.

Even because he was afraid of being forcibly attacked by the Chinese navy, Jiang Guangnai arranged his command post in Nanping, a city far away from the coastline. From this we can see that the 19th Route Army has always been wary of the Hualian League and has not improved because of Zhou Feihuo.

It is precisely because Jiang Guangnai and Cai Tingkai were able to regroup. Now they have restored their organization in the heyday of the 19th Route Army, with the strength of three full divisions. Of course, there is not enough progress, but there is no need to protect themselves.

Zhou Feihuo, who imitated Jiang Ruiyuan's German armed division, also followed the example of the 19th Route Army's weapons and equipment to the standards of Jiang Ruiyuan's three guard divisions. This was actually a secret competition with the Central Army. Jiang Ruiyuan did not trust Hualian and would rather purchase arms from Germany. This really made many people in the China Economic Union feel dissatisfied.

Such a high-profile support for the 19th Route Army also means giving eye drops to Jiang Ruiyuan and the Guofu: If you don’t buy our products in large quantities, then I will sell them in large quantities to other people in need.

Although the Fujian Incident did not happen, the central government still felt a headache for the restoration of the 19th Route Army. Even if the number of people was full and the actual combat power was not restored, the three main troops with excellent equipment were sleeping soundly on the couch, which really made Jiang Ruiyuan unable to sleep or eat.

Chapter 337 Sino-German Cooperation

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