After the relevant experiments were conducted, considering that the long-distance power of small-caliber bullets decreased, and with the effective killing ability of close range underground, there was still a lot of debate among the first research on whether to use 6.5mm-caliber bullets.

But according to some people's wishes, replacing all infantry squads with 7.62mm weapons would not solve the problem. Not to mention the problem of large bullet weight, the old problem of poor continuous shooting control will come back immediately. When encountering enemies at close range, the semi-automatic 22a seems a bit too heavy, and it is obviously not a handy weapon.

In addition, at the level of the infantry squad, there are self-evident benefits to unifying the single-caliber bullets and 5.56mm bullets are not suitable for single-caliber standard ammunition for infantry squads. It is precisely for these reasons that Zhong Yang first tried to use 6.5mm bullets as a moderate choice.

Even in the 1900s when the concept of small-caliber bullets was popular, the West had been dissatisfied with the 5.56mm SS109 bomb for a long time and had been looking for a suitable alternative for many years. The ideal medium-power bomb should be larger than the 5.56mm caliber. In fact, Western research results are that calibers below 6mm cannot provide meaningful improvements.

It is generally believed that the muzzle kinetic energy of an ideal medium-power bomb should not exceed 2500 joules. If it is higher, the back seat will be too large and the continuous control is difficult. In comparison, the muzzle kinetic energy of a millimeter NATO bomb is as high as 3352 joules, while the ss109 bomb is only 1767 joules.

In warheads of the same diameter, the greater the weight, the higher the warhead's storage speed and the straighter the ballistics. Therefore, the cross-sectional density of the warhead, that is, the ratio of the warhead mass to the square of the bullet diameter should not be lower than 0 mm, NATO bombs are 0 mm, ss109 bombs are only 0.174.

The 6.5mm standard bullets produced by Changsheng and others were made more slender than those of the earliest days, with larger warheads and even better than those of the later 7.62mm NATO standard bullets. They were similar to the later Soviet 7.62x39mm m43 bullets, except that the shell was necked and equipped with a slender heavy warhead.

The recoil from open-point bullet to ordinary steel core bullet is slightly less than 7.62x39m. The weight of the projectile is similar to the previous 7.62mm bullet, and the external kinetic energy of 600m is higher than that of 7.62mm bullet.

The assault rifle involved was lengthened to 50mm. After experiments, it was confirmed that its recoil was smaller than 7.62mm, and its muzzle kinetic energy was lighter in weight and more powerful than 7.62mm.

After all, the launching medicine is at least 50 years ahead of the 7.62mm bullet of this era, and the metal processing technology is no match for it. With the strong support of the smart factory, the Second Research Institute, under the leadership of Yin Xiangzhou, has developed many special metal processing technologies with superior performance and meeting the needs of war.

Since Yi Zhongming stepped down, Yang Lei, the new director of the Fifth Research Institute, has also led his own research team to develop a launching drug with better performance. Although the bottleneck of shellless bullets is still difficult to break through, the formula of conventional launching drugs has been improved a lot on the original basis.

These two research departments have made great contributions to using 6.5mm caliber bullets

As for determining the standard caliber of weapons and ammunition, Zhong Yang also summarized a report with everyone and submitted a report to the United Front Command of the South Army, suggesting that 6.5x50mm be used as a general machine gun bullet and be used as an automatic rifle bullet. If nothing unexpected happens, this matter will be determined.

The research and development of the new assault rifle has been completed, and it can only be finalized and produced after the caliber of the bullet is determined. Currently, the firearms and weapons systems organized by the platoon-level Nanjun squad mainly include four types: pistols, assault rifles, general machine guns and long-range sniper rifles.

The developed pistol is black, so it is called Nightingale. It adopts the principle of short-stroke rear seat of the barrel. The locking method is a clamp-type sinking, single and double-action trigger design, and it supplies ammunition with a 15-round detachable magazine. The gun is 217mm long and weighs 1.1 kilograms in total, including the loading clamp, which is not a big burden for soldiers.

The initial velocity of the warhead also reached 390 meters per second, which basically meets the needs of emergencies on the battlefield. The "Nightingale" has simple structure, reliable mechanical movements, and a lifespan of more than 5,000 rounds. It will be equipped as a standard weapon for frontline soldiers to deal with various emergencies.

Perhaps for warlords and the ** party, pistols are more precious than soldiers and are basically only distributed to officers. But within the Southern Army system, how can the lives of soldiers be so precious? Even if they are not necessarily useful, they are better than being useless at all. The emergence of assault rifles has greatly reduced the possibility of close combat, but the battlefield is always full of unpredictable accidents.

The newly developed standard rifle is named Type 25 assault rifle according to year and as a member of the main weapon family. The involvement of this rifle combines Zhong Yang's understanding of the m16 in later generations, so it has a similar shadow.

But in terms of specific design, it almost surpassed this era for a hundred years. The entire gun is full of a futuristic sci-fi atmosphere. The dark and deep mellow color adds a cold and murderous aura to the Type 25 assault rifle.

The smooth and streamlined appearance design, combined with the extremely matte texture, makes people fall in love with it at first sight. The appearance is also very similar to the later m16, but it has a more "water chestnut" atmosphere in appearance. The foldable butt structure also makes it much less difficult for soldiers to transport mechanized.

The unsupported structure facilitates transportation so that soldiers can log in to various means of transportation more freely. However, the gun body is too short and the recoil is a big problem. The gun body is too long and too long, but it also makes it extremely difficult for people to mechanize.

The foldable butt stock structure design solves this problem very well. After all, the recoil of the rifle acts on the chest or shoulders, and the shooting accuracy is much more reliable than relying on wrists and arms.

Accessories box built into the stock and grip, improved trigger guards, polymer magazines, etc. The Type 25 assault rifle can also fire different caliber bullets by quickly changing the bolt and barrel, including 5 and 7.62x39mm, etc.

Different calibers correspond to different gun types, such as sniper rifle type, carbine type, cqb gun type, ak rifle type, etc. You can even specialize in manufacturing some different barrels, and match the lower receiver with the bolt according to the special caliber needs of other calibers of the special forces operating members.

In terms of specific firearm structure, the First Institute provided five sample guns, one of which used piston air conduction technology achieved the best results, so it was used as the winner and added to the new weapon system.

This is also the second finished assault rifle launched by the First Institute. This rifle not only allows quick replacement of the barrel and the bolt to convert different calibers, but also incorporates its previous production experience into the design of components such as stocks and magazines, making the ergonomics more efficient.

Compared with the old 22a type assault rifle, the 25 type assault rifle has a smoother design and lighter, with more advanced ergonomics, good feel and powerful.

This is the result of the accumulation of technology, and it is not possible to achieve such results by Zhong Yang alone. The research and development of industrial technology, product verification and finalization, and future related improvements must all have a professional research team. This is also the reason why Zhong Yang has always been committed to improving the scientific research system. The strength of the team is far better than that of the individual.

The design of the gun body has many advanced technologies far beyond this era, among which a kind of trough device installed at the gun mouth is the most eye-catching. The fork-shaped appearance highlights a hideous atmosphere, making the Type 25 assault rifle more deterrent. This device is actually the latest achievement of the First Institute - the fork-shaped flame suppressor

In original history, fork-shaped flame suppressors did not develop on a large scale in the United States until the end of World War II. For example, American rifles and Patriots used this kind of flame suppressors. The inner cavity of fork-shaped flame suppressors generally has a conical transition section with an internal angle of about 20°. The number of forks should be odd to avoid resonance.

In the fork-shaped flame suppressor, the gunpowder gas first expands stably through the conical section, then continuously expands through the round inner cavity and several slots, and then flows out through the side holes and front holes. This can control the expansion and flow of the gas, weaken the shock wave, and effectively reduce the intermediate flame and secondary flame. The size and orientation of the fork and slots are appropriately selected, and the flame suppressor can also have the functions of both restraining and preventing jumps.

Don't underestimate this inconspicuous small device. Its structure is not complicated and the processing is not difficult, but its role is extremely important for front-line soldiers.

Since the first hand-held firearm was fired in the 13th century, every fire of the firearm was accompanied by obvious flames and sounds. Before the 20th century, people did not recognize the serious problems caused by the fire of muzzles and muzzles. Until the two world wars, the firelight of the gun shooting positions was often used by the enemy, especially during night and continuous shooting, the strong flames exposed the positions.

As a result, the war required the problem of muzzle and muzzle flames to be solved. The earliest solution was to add flame deflators to the launching medicine, which is a chemical flame deflator. The French first used it in machine gun ammunition, and then the Germans also used it in artillery fired medicine.

Flame deflators are mainly organic salts and other compounds, and the most commonly used are alkali metal salts such as potassium sulfate, potassium nitrite, etc. Flame deflators can prevent the chemical reaction between combustible components in gunpowder and oxygen, and at the same time increase the ignition temperature of combustible gases, making combustible gases less likely to be ignited. Flame deflators can suppress gun and muzzle flame to a certain extent, but it increases gun and muzzle smoke and deteriorates the ballistic performance.

This chemical flame elimination method is still in the research stage until a hundred years later. Although new progress has been made, it is still a long way from practicality.

Installing a mechanical flame suppressor at the muzzle is a physical method to suppress guns and muzzle flames. The earliest flame suppressor was when developing muzzle retractors, and some structures were found to be beneficial to flame suppression. Therefore, a conical device called a light shield became the earliest flame suppressor, but it can only work on the first flame and muzzle glow, so it only partially avoids guns and muzzle flames.

"World War One", research on flame suppressors has been underway, but little progress has been made. At this time, the flame suppressors were mainly conical, and they were widely used in machine guns and small caliber cannons, such as the flame suppressors used in Czech ZB26 light machine guns and zb53 heavy machine guns, as well as the Soviet DP machine guns, German mg34 and mg42 machine guns, etc.

The flame suppressors of the mg34 and mg42 machine guns in the future also serve as a relief device. It relies on a small air chamber at the muzzle end to make high-pressure gas aid to the gun barrel. This is a common form in tube relief weapons. The performance of the flame suppressor was not ideal at this time. The main reason was that people did not understand the mechanism of the gun and the muzzle flame at that time, and at the same time, there was also a lack of necessary testing methods.

In the original time and space, until the end of World War II, the United States, the Federation, Germany and the Soviet Union conducted long-term systematic research on the formation mechanism and suppression technology of the muzzle flame. During this period, in addition to improving the conical flame suppressor, various types of flame suppressors also appeared. Modern flame suppressors can significantly eliminate muzzle flames, and some even shoot at night will not easily expose their positions.

But what they could not do, Chang Sheng, under Zhong Yang, and others easily solved this problem. The reason is that the virtual environment simulation system provided by the smart factory can restore some physical phenomena that need to be observed indefinitely, and can even be extremely refined, so that scientific researchers can conduct analysis and theoretical summary.

Although you have to pay the permission value every time you use it, the results you have achieved also make Zhong Yang feel relieved and worth the money.

Da da da da da

Holding a Type 25 assault rifle, Zhong Yang was conducting a test-fire experiment in person, experiencing tactical actions such as single-shot point shooting, three-shot fast shooting, and uninterrupted continuous shooting, feeling the overall performance of the weapon.

Because he still uses a 7.62mm caliber bullet, Zhong Yang can still feel the "slight" recoil from the butt stock. For Zhong Yang's current physical fitness, this level is of course nothing, but for ordinary humans, it is obviously not so acceptable.

The resulting shaking of the muzzle will greatly affect the hit rate of continuous shooting. However, the point shooting and the stability structure of the gun body ensure the accuracy of hit to a considerable extent.

Not only do we just need to test the shooting on paper targets, we also use soap of special materials to do bullet mechanism experiments. The texture of those soaps is similar to that of several people in the human body. Occasionally, we will also conduct experiments on pork to confirm the destructive performance of weapons on muscle tissue.

The production of guns is quite close to the modern concept of later generations in the Super Generation Science and Technology Park. It not only focuses on the superiority of weapons, but also on the stability and extreme use in harsh climates. Zhong Yang is extremely concerned about the causes of failures and prevention and control methods.

In the Vietnam War in later generations, the ak47, a backward gun, was able to defeat advanced guns such as m14 and m16, in addition to jungle terrain, the stability of weapons also occupies and is an important factor. The key factor that ak47 can be used continuously in harsh environments is his widely circulated.

The establishment of the gun group and the selection of bullet caliber have a huge impact, so Zhong Yang participated in the entire test process. Although he did not interfere with specific matters, he also consulted on key technologies from time to time and discussed the feasibility of some goals.

Through subsequent tests, Zhong Yang realized that even within the effective range, small-caliber bullets often need to hit multiple shots to cause effective damage, which is caused by the killing mechanism of small-caliber bullets.

After the bullet hits the human body, it squeezes out the soft tissue to cause trauma channel. The trauma channel causes blood loss. If the blood loss reaches a certain level, the person will be disabled or even die. From the perspective of trauma mechanism, the larger the trauma channel caused by the bullet, the better. When the full-caliber bullet hits the human body, it will naturally cause a greater trauma channel.

The shock wave caused by larger-caliber bullets is very powerful in flight. When hitting the human body, the "virtual warhead" formed by the warhead and shock waves cause huge trauma, so it is necessary to knock half of the body after hitting. The shock wave of larger-caliber ammunition is more powerful. Even if it does not hit directly, but just flew close to it, it can cause considerable trauma. If a small-caliber bullet is used in the same way, it may not cause effective damage, and it must find another way.

Small-diameter bullets are usually slender, light in front and heavy in the back. After entering the human body, they are prone to become unstable. The tail of the bullet rolls forward until the tail of the bullet moves forward, and returns to stability and continue moving forward. If there is enough remaining kinetic energy at this time, during the rolling process, small-diameter bullets cause trauma channels that are disproportionate to the caliber. The tail of the bullet is blunt, which is also conducive to expanding the trauma channel, although the effect is not as good as rolling. Obviously, large-diameter bullets rely on brute force to kill thousands of pounds of stupid, large, black, and small-diameter bullets rely on tricks to kill thousands of pounds.

The problem is that the ideal rolling state of this small-caliber bullet is often not effective. Only the brute force of a full-caliber bullet is not easily affected by external factors, and the effect is relatively reliable.

Small-caliber bullets need to roll to cause sufficient damage. However, on the battlefield, bullets must not only cause effective damage in the human body, but also penetrate common obstacles such as wall panels, car doors, tree branches, sand and soil, hit the enemy behind, causing effective damage.

The penetration of the bullet requires the bullet to remain stable during flight and after hitting an object, which is opposite to the requirement of instability to cause rolling and damage. Small-caliber bullets must be properly balanced between the two, and it is impossible to take into account both sides.

Take several famous finished bullets from later generations as an example: m193 is easy to roll, but has poor penetration; ss109 is relatively stable and has good penetration, and is suitable for dealing with targets with mild protection. NATO's last choice of ss109 is to tilt towards the requirements of penetration, at the cost of the ss109 bomb that may have to enter the human body 150 mm before rolling. When hitting a skinny enemy at close range, it may leave the human body before it can roll, causing non-fatal penetration injuries.

Zhong Yang could not pin his hopes on the enemy who was fat or burly and strong. He would not think that all the soldiers of the Southern Army were sharpshooters. Even if they frequently conducted live-fire training, it would be difficult for snipers to mass produce.

Moreover, the fierce and complex battlefield environment also affects the soldiers' shooting level. Only by hitting multiple times can the enemy be eliminated, which is really not a good choice...

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