Chapter 65 Some Views on the Ancient Central System Part 1
Although Cao Jie squinted his eyes, his eyes were constantly moving with the imperial edict and hit everyone's face. This so-called imperial edict is now all in the hands of the group of attendants. His intentions depend on the emperor, and the actual operation has all belonged to this group of eunuchs. They will naturally take advantage of the fear of Chen Fan and Dou Wu being killed and greatly improve their status and power. As for whether anyone will stand up in the future, that is another matter, which is not within the scope of this group of people's consideration.
From the moment they started to be greedy, they no longer took into account their reputation behind them. They are now just a group of evil dogs who are constantly moving forward. They just want to eat this meal and will not care about what will happen tomorrow, because they cannot have descendants now and do not need a future.
How to say that, in the writings of historians, eunuchs may be the historical group that gathers all negative energy. They are morally corrupt and do everything evil, which not only causes political darkness and economic corruption, but also destroys the normal operation of the administrative bureaucracy, which is the so-called "eunuch chaos in politics". In the eyes of professional bureaucrats, eunuchs are almost responsible for the demise of feudal dynasties of all dynasties. But in terms of human rights, they are just a deformed product produced under the wrong human rights system. After all, no man wants to be a eunuch when he was born.
So is the eunuch system a longevity gene or a fatal cancer? This is the question to be mentioned below. But I must say that I think neither is actually, because this is the product of a deformed system, and it doesn't matter if a thing that shouldn't exist.
Eunuchs began to appear in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and were mainly responsible for internal affairs such as servitude and orders. Eunuch politics only began to appear in the Qin Dynasty, and existed as an opposing group that checked and balanced court officials under the feudal bureaucracy. The earliest eunuchs were all slaves, most of them were criminals and prisoners of war. Naturally, their identities were very low and they would definitely be looked down upon by others, regardless of men and women. Eunuchs also changed from handymen in charge of the palace to political forces to maintain imperial power. Eunuch politics was mainly concentrated in the middle and late periods of the Han, Tang and Ming dynasties, and historians wrote this.
The three periods unanimously portrayed the era of political corruption and the decline of the three dynasties was also attributed to the dictatorship of eunuchs. However, in China's 2,000 years of feudal history, there were 48 dynasties, of which only 4 dynasties established by the Han people with a lifespan of more than 200 years: Han, Tang, Song and Ming, and three were the most serious dynasties with eunuch politics. If eunuch politics was a cancer in the feudal dynasty, then the other 44 dynasties that did not suffer from this tumor died early. Does this historical data make people feel a little evil?
Among the 44 short-lived dynasties, there were emperors who did not believe in evil. Cao Pi during the Three Kingdoms was obviously influenced by the demonization of eunuchs since the Eastern Han Dynasty. The first new policy after the founding of the country was to abolish the position of Zhongchangshi, which was specially set up for eunuchs to participate in politics. At the same time, eunuchs were strictly prohibited from interfering in politics and could only engage in diligent affairs in the palace. Cao Pi also ordered people to engrave the above-mentioned decrees on metal simplified strategies and treasured them in the stone chamber, which was equivalent to writing "eunuchs are not allowed to interfere in politics" into the constitution. The emperors of Wei after him did strictly enforce his last orders.
But history played a joke with Cao Pi. As Engels said: There are often such things in history. People want to enter this room but enter another room. The Wei State not only failed to live long, but only lived for 46 years. The key reason is that the emperor lacked the power to check and balance the court officials. Once a powerful and powerful minister like Sima Yi was produced, almost all the court officials would turn to the powerful party group.
On the contrary, the three dynasties of the Han, Tang and Ming dynasties quickly perished after cutting off the so-called "cancer" of eunuch politics. The key reason is that this move broke the original political balance. As we mentioned earlier, in fact, in central politics, four kinds of power have always coexisted. The relatives, eunuchs and court officials began to intrigue around the imperial power, and there were ups and downs, but they never disappeared.
Most of the emperors in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty succeeded the throne as minors. The throne was successfully passed on, and the balance between the three political forces of foreign relatives, eunuchs and court officials. After Emperor Huan's death, the general of foreign relatives, He Jin and court officials led by Yuan Shao joined forces to eradicate the eunuch group. In the end, the foreign relatives and eunuch groups died together, and the political balance was broken. After Dong Zhuo entered Beijing, the central government quickly collapsed, and China entered a turbulent era from the competition between heroes to the division of the Three Kingdoms.
But this is not my defense for this group of guys who were once inhumane. Many of them did make unforgivable mistakes and were also groups that must be eliminated in history. However, we must realize that since these guys can exist to the demise of the feudal dynasty, they must have a demand point, and this demand point is the development of the economy, the emergence of royal power, and the progress of the marriage system.
First of all, the economy must develop, because if there is no large amount of surplus wealth, no one will spend money to support such a group of people. It is precisely because of surplus wealth that the royal power has been strengthened, and kings or emperors have the ability to enjoy wealth that ordinary people cannot enjoy. For example, in the feudal era of patriarchal society, women became a kind of wealth, and people had a high desire for monopoly. In addition to basic human nature, the source of this desire is also the marriage system. Monogamy began to gradually become popular (the thing like three wives and four concubines can only be a wealthy family, and ordinary people naturally have a monogamy system, but it still provides that possibility). Under this system, men and women will have monopoly desires. At the same time, because of the possibility of three wives and four concubines, people will also have more desires, which is undeniable.
Under the guidance of this kind of thinking, the emperor naturally did not want to share his private "wealth" with others, but there will be some heavy physical work in the palace, which cannot be achieved by the palace maids. At this time, some men must be needed. However, out of the instinctive primitive desire to reproduce as a creature, this is inevitable. Then we must think of a way to take care of actual needs without infringing our own actual interests. The ability to castrate and reproductive is a good idea. What I know about this is about cattle. If a ox wants to be honest, it must avoid the bull's estrus period. Because if there is a estrus period, not only will it miss the key spring plowing, but there will also be inevitable casualties. Finally, this technology has been applied to its own kind by humans. Why do people kill each other?
(End of this chapter)
Chapter completed!