One of the main reasons why the war broke out between Chile, Peru and Bolivia is called the Holly War or the Saltpet War is that it revolves around the Holly and Saltpet resources in the Atacama Desert. + During the war, Chile fought against Peru and Bolivia alone. Both countries had much more populations than Chile. However, the final result was that Chile won the war.

After the Chilean Navy defeated the Peruvian Navy and the Bolivian Navy, under the order of General Gamondia, the Chilean Army also launched an attack. Two infantry brigades set off from the northern border and entered the central Atacama Desert to attack the Bolivian defenders here. However, due to the geographical and climate relationship in the desert and the restrictions on traffic conditions, Chile could not invest too much army in this regard.

The direction of the Chilean army's main attack was the important cities along the Pacific coast. After the Chilean navy obtained the sea control power, it could easily escort the army to land and fight.

On April 8, 1858, more than 6,000 Chilean army in a brigade landed near the Iquik Fortress under the escort of six warships. The Miracle Corps fought desperately, but the Bolivian army was poorly equipped at that time, and the troops were filled with Indians wearing various costumes. They did not have rifles or other firearms, only primitive bows and arrows and crossbows, which also made the "South American Pacific" the last war in the world to use crossbows. The Chilean army won and quickly occupied the entire province of Tarapaca in Peru.

On June 4, the Chilean army landed in the port of Ilo and Pacocha in Peru and occupied Mokegua. Through the desert, they defeated the Bolivian and Peruvian coalition in the two battles of Takna and Arica. At this point, Bolivia lost all the Pacific coastal territory, while the Peruvian Navy was wiped out. Even though the Bolivian Army and the Peruvian Army had absolute advantages in military strength, the old firearms and cold weapons were no match for the Chilean Army using new weapons. So much so that they had the advantage of military strength, but were defeated on the battlefield.

In August 1858, the representatives of the three countries held negotiations, but Peru refused Chile's peace agreement and agreed to a temporary truce. For humanitarian reasons, Chile allowed Peru to use transport ships to transport the captured Peruvian wounded soldiers, but the number of wounded soldiers exceeded the load of the transport ship. Chile lent the "Roa" warship to Peru to transport the wounded. On August 18, the "Roa" completed its mission and returned with a barge full of fruits provided by Peru, the barge suddenly exploded and injured the "Roa". The Chilean government believed that this was a conspiracy set up by Peru and decided to take severe retaliation measures - to capture Lima.

On September 2, 1858, the army of the infantry brigades of the Chilean Army landed directly in Lima, the capital of Peru. At this time, Peru had an army of more than 24,000 people in Lima.

Although the Peruvian army was twice as strong as the attacking Chilean army. However, the Peruvian army, which was low morale and lagging behind, was unable to resist under the attack of the Chilean army. In just two days, the Peruvian army abandoned the city and fled. Senior Peruvian government officials, including Peruvian President Ramon Castilla, fled from Lima, Peru's capital and fell into the hands of the Chilean army.

The capital was captured by the Chileans, and it was obvious that there was no way to continue the battle. After all, when the war reached this time, even if the Peruvians and Bolivians were stupid, they knew that they would not be the opponents of Chile. At this time, there seemed to be no other choice except for summoning.

Therefore, the Republic of Peru formally submitted a request for peace negotiations to Chile. The peace talks were held in Lima, the capital of Peru. Chilean Foreign Minister Perez rode on a warship and held three-day negotiations with Peruvian Foreign Minister Miguel in Lima City.

"His Excellency Miguel, this war has been completely decided. I think Peru shouldn't have another chance to win!" Perez smiled. Chile performed very well in this war, easily defeating the two powerful countries in the north, and its own losses were very small. The navy only had dozens of casualties. The army only had two thousand casualties. However, they achieved a huge victory. The Peruvian Navy and the Bolivian Navy were completely eliminated, and most of the 200,000 troops of the two countries were annihilated, and the remaining few had lost the courage to continue fighting. It can be said that both the Chilean army and navy achieved brilliant victories.

"His Excellency Perez, are you trying to humiliate me today?" Miguel's face looked very ugly. Being beaten by Chile was completely a shame for them. This peace negotiation was more like praying for peace from the Chileans.

"No, Mr. Miguel, I have no intention of humiliating you! Chile is a peace-loving country, and we also hope to restore peace. Of course, the interests of the Republic of Chile must be guaranteed!" Perez said.

"His Excellency Perez, Peru agreed to the conditions proposed by Chile before and jointly formed the Atacama Desert Development Company. The profits obtained by our three countries will be divided equally!" Miguel said. Before, the Chileans made this suggestion. However, Peru refused to share the profits they were about to receive to the Chileans, so that the Chileans launched this war fiercely. Although this made Peruvians very hate them, they had to bow to the Chileans for the sake of their country. Otherwise, they would pay a greater price.

"No, Mr. Miguel. This condition was proposed before. But now, this condition is no longer suitable for the current situation!" Perez said with a smile. Before the war began, Chile did not want to take risks. If they could share one-third of the interests of the Atacama Desert, they would have met. But now that Chile has won the war, their appetite will be even greater. Peruvians thought that using the conditions proposed previously could fool the Chileans, that was a big mistake.

"My Excellency Perez, do you mean?" Miguel's face turned pale. He knew that the Chileans were going to speak loudly.

If the Chileans had agreed to the Chileans' request before, the loss would be only one-third of the benefits. But now it seems that Chileans would have asked for more.

"If Peru wants a truce, then the Tarapaca province, Takna and Arica must be handed over to Chile! In addition, compensation for Chile's military expenditure of 50 million Jin pesos!" Perez said with a smile.

"What?" Miguel was stunned. Tarapaca Province, Takna and Arica, are areas in southern Peru. It not only includes the Atacama Desert area occupied by Peru, but also some territories in southern Peru. This is simply a slaughter on Peru! In addition, Peru is originally a poor country, and the war reparations of 50 million gold pesos can directly destroy Peru's finances.

"His Excellency Perez, Peru will never agree to such a condition! If such condition is agreed, what is the difference between Peru and a deceased country?" Miguel roared angrily.

"His Excellency Miguel, if Peru does not agree to our conditions, then you will be destroyed now! Chile is not interested in the territory of other regions of Peru. We only need the Atacama Desert and the territory in southern Peru!" Perez was very tough.

In the face of Chile's harsh demands, Peru has no choice. After all, if Chile is determined to destroy Peru, they have no choice at all.

After three days of bargaining, Peru promised to ced the Tarapaca province, Takna and Arica to Chile, and repay Chile's war reparations within three years.

This war caused Peru not only to lose the entire Atacama Desert, but also to lose the territory in the southern region. In addition, the war reparations of 30 million gold pesos made Chile bear a heavy burden. It can be said that Peru had already lost in this battle.

Peru and Chile signed a peace treaty, and Bolivia was left. The Chilean army dispatched five infantry brigades, with a total of more than 30,000 people attacking Bolivia. Faced with the fierce offensive of the Chilean army, the poorly equipped Bolivian army could not resist it at all.

After Peru withdrew from the war, Bolivia did not want to continue to fight. They did not want their capital to be occupied by Chile, otherwise they would pay a greater price.

On October 12, 1858, representatives of Chile and Bolivia negotiated in Sucre, and Bolivia hoped to end the war. However, Chile made very harsh demands. The Chilean government asked Bolivia to ced all the territory between the Andes and the Pacific to Chile, and also compensate Chile for 20 million gold pesos of war reparations.

Bolivia expressed clear opposition to the harsh conditions proposed by Chile. However, after Bolivian troops were defeated by the Chilean army again, Bolivian President Jose Maria chose to compromise. After all, if they did not agree, Chile's troops might cross the Andes and attack the core area of ​​Bolivia, and even the capital Sucre would be occupied by the Chileans.

On October 15, Chile and Bolivia signed a peace treaty, and Bolivia ceded the territory between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean to Chile, which completely lost Bolivia's coastal territory and became a landlocked country.

Chile not only completely obtained the Atacama Desert, but also obtained a lot of territory. Coupled with Chile's powerful military power and rich natural resources, a South American overlord has begun to take shape. (To be continued, please search for astronomy, novels are better, updated and faster!

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