Part 3 The Bloody War of Resistance Chapter 10 The Raging Waves Chapter 9 The Bombing of Tokyo (15)
Hopkins found that Chiang Kai-shek did not seem to show much excitement. His smile was more etiquette, but Soong Mei-ling looked much more excited than him. She looked at her husband with admiration and said to Hopkins: "Yes, our country is a very traditional country. The people do not really know how to use the power in their hands. It will take at least twenty years for China to realize democracy like the United States."
"Although this election was successful, we must also see the violent problems," Chiang Kai-shek said: "The General Secretary once said that China's approach to democracy must first sect the government. The purpose of sect is to educate the people and educate the people. In addition to giving the people knowledge, they should also let the people know how to use the power in their hands. Only in this way can they enter constitutionalism."
Hopkins listened carefully, and a strange thought surged in his mind. Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling's views seemed to be different. Soong Mei-ling should be more active, while Chiang Kai-shek should be more cautious.
"Our country is very traditional and is very resistant to any change." Soong Mei-ling continued to explain to Hopkins how her twenty years came about: "Especially in rural areas, in farmers, the vast majority of farmers are not educated, and they don't know how to exercise their power. Since the Sixteen counties in Chongqing have implemented ten years of free education, the overall education level is considered high in our country, but there are still many elderly people and women who have not been educated, and they can't even write their own names. In rural China, the rules of clans are more effective than government laws. Many people vote not on the political propositions of candidates, but more on their blood relationship with themselves."
Hopkins was a little confused, and he blinked: "Blood relationship? Lou doesn't quite understand what Madam has to do with blood relationship?"
Soong Mei-ling smiled and explained: "This is the biggest difference between China and other countries. China has a long history, and it has left behind huge heritage and has also left huge burdens. For example, in rural villages in China, families are usually living together. The ancient family can even be speculated that hundreds of years ago, most of the residents in the village were the same family. Theirs may have been the same father five or even ten generations ago. For example, in Shipingqiao, not far away, there are five largest families, including 60% of the residents in the town, old and young.
There are more than 2,000 people in total, and the remaining eleven families have only more than 700 people in total. If candidates from the five major families participate in the election, it will be difficult for other candidates to be elected regardless of their political propositions, because according to the habits of the Chinese, they would rather believe their family members than outsiders." Hopkins opened his mouth in surprise. This situation is simply impossible in the United States. Even the oldest family has not exceeded ten generations, let alone, it is completely unimaginable that all ten generations live in the same place.
"mygod" Hopkins shouted, shaking his head and said, "It's unimaginable, it's unimaginable!"
"Our Kuomintang advocates three-people ideology, and democracy is an important part of it," Chiang Kai-shek took over the topic and said, "But there is a process. You can't be too anxious. Too anxious may cause social disturbances, and now we cannot bear the consequences of this disturbance." Hopkins understood that for Chiang Kai-shek, driving away the Japanese himself did not completely solve the problem of China. In addition to the Japanese himself, there was also a GCD problem. This time, Chiang Kai-shek refused to run for the election in the sixteen counties in Chongqing, which aroused great anger from GCD. Zhou En came to meet Chiang Kai-shek several times and protested to Chiang Kai-shek in person, but Chiang Kai-shek refused to give in and clearly announced that unless GCD gave up the secret party membership system, he could not participate in any government official election.
Later in the election, Deng Yanda officially announced his separation from the Kuomintang. More than 40 people including Zhang Bojun, Huang Qixiang, Chen Mingshu collectively announced their separation from the Kuomintang and announced their establishment of the "China Social Democratic Party". Recently, they are preparing for the first conference of the "China Social Democratic Party", and representatives from various provinces gathered in Chongqing.
Deng Yanda and his followers left the Kuomintang, pouring cold water on the Kuomintang that won the election. The Kuomintang Central Committee announced that they would fire Deng Yanda and others, but that's all.
With Deng Yanda establishing the Social Democratic Party, Luo Longji and others are planning to establish the Democratic League, hoping to bring together the two parties and two factions such as the Al-Shabaab, the National Socialist Party, and the Rural Construction Association into one political party.
China's social and political forces are unprecedentedly active, and various groups are planning to establish political parties and discuss state affairs on various occasions. It seems that tomorrow will make the Kuomintang abdicate and change China in one fell swoop.
Faced with this situation, Chiang Kai-shek was very upset. In his opinion, not only should so many political parties be established, but all political parties should be combined into the Kuomintang to form a rope and devote themselves to the post-war reconstruction of the country. Instead, this is the case. Every time the government issues an order or decree, various noises come to his face, making it difficult to implement the government orders.
Chiang Kai-shek was also very worried that the situation that occurred during the Northern Expedition would reappear after the war. The chaos brought about by the peasant movement in the Two Lakes area was still unforgettable. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Liu Zhi and the Chongqing Police Chief to send a large number of police officers and troops to various constituencies to maintain order, impose severe punishment on criminal behaviors, and at the same time strengthen the forces of grassroots party organizations and the Three Youth League to ensure that there will be no deviations in the election, but this was also strongly criticized by GCD.
Chiang Kai-shek always explained to him that elections like the Sixteen counties in Chongqing cannot be implemented nationwide for the time being. What China needs most now is to strengthen education and rebuild the country, rather than eagerly implementing the so-called democracy. Then he began to talk about the situation in North China: "The Cultural Revolution told me that the famine in North China will be alleviated after the summer harvest, but there are still about 400,000 citizens in the city without housing. This is a very serious problem. Fortunately, the weather is relatively warm and the shacks can be used to live in. But in winter, the problem becomes serious. The winter in North China is very cold, so we must build enough housing before the winter comes. This is a very difficult task." Chiang Kai-shek said.
Hopkins thought Chiang Kai-shek would take the opportunity to propose the issuance of bonds in the United States, but Chiang Kai-shek's topic changed and then jumped to the Northeast front: "After the Sino-Soviet issue was resolved, we can concentrate our efforts to attack the Kwantung Army. In North China, the Cultural Revolution proposed a plan, mainly the Forty-Nine Army Group Army, crossed the Outer Xing'an Mountains, raided Changchun Harbin, and airborne the Airborne Division to Shenyang: Shanhaiguan concentrated 300,000 troops to attack, drag the main force of the Japanese army, and concentrated 200,000 troops to directly enter Jinzhou from northern Rehe, cooperated with the troops going south from Changchun to encircle and annihilate the Kwantung Army near Jinzhou."
When talking about the war, Chiang Kai-shek's face was red. Hopkins strongly felt the confidence that was coming. Chiang Kai-shek continued: "After the Northeast is restored, our army will enter North Korea. The Korean government in exile has been in Erfeng, China for many years. They established the Restoration Army. The force has reached 20,000. The National Government provided them with equipment and training. Now this army has arrived in eastern Hebei." As early as 1919, the Trinity Movement broke out in North Korea and put forward the proposal of North Korea. The movement was cruelly suppressed by Japan, and a large number of people fled to China and the Soviet Union. The people who fled to China established the South Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai, elected Lee Seung-man as the Provisional Government. An Chang-ho was the Minister of Internal Affairs, and Kim Kyu-sik was the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and formulated a constitution.
At the end of 1919, Syngman Lee was elected as president. A few years later, the provisional government split. Syngman Lee withdrew from the provisional government and led some people to exile in the United States, lobbying the US government. The provisional government re-elected Kim Kow as President of Zhengxian and continued to engage in ** activities in China.
After September 18th, Chiang Kai-shek strengthened his support for North Korean exiles, established several Korean exile training schools in Nanchang, Hangzhou and Zhengzhou, and the Whampoa Military Academy also recruited some Koreans.
After the War of Resistance began, the South Korean Provisional Government organized the Korean Volunteer Army to participate in the battle against the Japanese army, but the left wing of this Volunteer Army was quite colorful, which made Chiang Kai-shek dislike.
In 1940, Chiang Kai-shek helped the South Korean Provisional Government establish the Restoration Army, and Chi Qingtian, commander-in-chief of the Restoration Army.
At the beginning of its establishment, the entire Restoration Army had only more than 300 people. With the counterattack of the **, many Koreans who joined the Japanese army were captured. Most of them joined the Restoration Army under the persuasion of the South Korean Provisional Government. In addition, many Koreans crossed the Bohai Sea and entered China from Shandong to join the anti-Japanese team of China. The troops expanded rapidly, and the number of people was reaching tens of thousands. Chiang Kai-shek said here that there were another ten thousand people, which was an exaggeration.
"According to the Cairo Conference and the Tehran Conference, North Korea will win the ** after the war, and the North Korean people will decide their destiny. Mr. Hopkins, I have talked with Mr. Kim Kowloon many times. I suggest you talk to him too. He believes that if peace in Northeast Asia is maintained after the war, the United States must play a greater role. He is very vigilant about the Soviet Union and believes that the Soviet Union and Russia are the same as Japan. Japan wants to climb to the mainland, and the Soviet Union wants to obtain a port without freezing. The best port without freezing in Northeast Asia is Busan." Hopkins understood that Chiang Kai-shek went around such a big circle to make him meet Kim Kowloon, which made him embarrassed. After Seung-sen arrived in the United States, he still acted in the United States as President of the South Korean Provisional Government. Roosevelt had never seen him, but some members of the House of Representatives and Senate had seen him and had a certain influence in the United States.
Roosevelt had not made a decision on the candidates for the North Korean government after the war. In addition, Hopkins conjecture, Chiang Kai-shek spared no effort to recommend Kim Kowloon, but he did not mention it to another leader of the South Korean movement, Seung-man Lee, because his purpose was to continue to influence North Korea after the war through personnel affairs of the North Korean government.
"Mr. Chairman, I cannot decide on this matter yet. The President has not authorized me to meet with the leaders of the South Korean Provisional Government. It will take me a few days to ask the President for instructions." Hopkins's answer was very tactful, but the rejection was very obvious.
Chiang Kai-shek was a little disappointed. He wanted to make some efforts, but Soong Mei-ling had already stood up: "Tonight, the Fu Women's Federation held a dance party at the Nanshan Hotel, and invited General Weidemai and Ambassador Gauss. Mr. Hopkins, please be sure to come." Chiang Kai-shek was a little stunned. Soong Mei-ling handed him a look with the corner of his eyes. Chiang Kai-shek had to keep silent. At this moment, Soong Mei-ling was like an American hostess, inviting neighbors to attend a party held at home, looking at Hopkins with expectant eyes...
Chapter completed!