Volume Five The History of the Heavy Tree Chapter 820 Inflation
Within the following days, the two agendas of the National Defense Forces Plan Conference were also completed. The General Staff Headquarters bound the report records into the "White Paper on the National Defense Plan for the Eleventh Year of the Republic of China" or the "White Paper on the National Defense Plan for the Year of the Renxu". He handed the "White Paper" to President Sun Liwen. After reading it, Sun Liwen felt very moved that the whole army was really meticulous in doing things. On the contrary, the government he led was somewhat incompetent and local officials despised the central government.
What Sun Liwen is now embarrassed is that the area where the Democratic Party, which originally supported Sun Liwen, began to hostile to the president. Those who voted for him openly opposed him, which made the Democratic Party lose their faces. Sun Liwen felt a headache. He did not have the military and political power like Wang Maoru, and he had no military power. If he was just executive power, it would be difficult for him to severely punish the local governments that supported him as president but did not support his presidential order.
One of the most important reasons why many places in the south oppose Sun Liwen is the land policy proposed by Sun Liwen. Sun Liwen's original intention is to liberate productivity and labor, allocate land according to work, and do a good thing for the people. He proposed that the state invested in purchasing landlords' land, then rented it to farmers, and then charged low land rent to increase grain production. Unfortunately, Sun Liwen was defeated by reality again, and one of the reasons why Sun Liwen's land policy failed was that the country would not be able to pay the new policy with such a sum of money.
Having said that, it was not the Ministry of Finance that deliberately made it difficult for the President to make it difficult for the President to do so, but the President’s land policy requires too much money and involves the issue of land assessment. More importantly, many landlords are unwilling to sell their land to the country. They are not short of money, and now they are in a peaceful and prosperous era, and the land is even more precious. In the future, the population will grow, and land is a scarce resource. The landlords are not stupid. They want to sell it to the country now? Sell it to you. One acre of land is 100 silver dollars, and I am 3,000 mu of land, and you give me 300,000 silver dollars. The country cannot afford to pay. Then don’t blame me. What does business require is voluntary transactions, right? You can’t force me, you are not the evil Bolshevik Empire.
The gentry in the south is not satisfied. The gentry in the north is not satisfied, but the gentry in the north has reason to refuse the presidential order. President, you are elected by the south, and your presidential order in your constituency is boycotted. Of course, we follow the southern provinces. When will you settle the south? Our northern provinces will never stop it.
Sun Liwen took a bad move. The land reform plan he formulated was miscarried before it even started. Of course, he was so confused that he turned white. On the one hand, Sun Liwen hoped that the country could rule with power, and on the other hand, he hoped to realize the type of democracy. He was full of contradictions in his heart. He envied Wang Maoru because Wang Maoru has always been a powerful figure, and his army and territory only had one voice. If the officers did not execute the order, the next-level officer could directly shoot and kill the boss who did not execute the order. The army itself needed iron fist to rule. The command-style execution method, not democracy. Sun Liwen himself advocated democracy. Now he was struggling by democracy.
What made him even more depressed was that the Ministry of People's Livelihood, which he attached great importance to, established a people's life guarantee system, and was actually considered to be the place for disaster relief. The victims of the whole country went to ask for help. In the past, where disasters occurred, the victims had to wait for the superiors to send people to provide disaster relief, such as food and money. Now that China has established the Ministry of People's Livelihood, the victims have a place to ask for help. Didn't you advocate "national, civil rights, and people's livelihood"?
This made Sun Liwen one of the top three, and the disaster victims were not treated effectively, so the people cursed the Democratic Party officials of the Ministry of People's Livelihood. Many people suspected that the Democratic Party had greedy for the disaster victims' relief funds and demanded severe punishment for the Ministry of People's Livelihood.
First, it was different from what Sun Liwen imagined. In his imagination, the Ministry of People's Livelihood should be the maintenance department that manages and protects the people's most basic land and funding power. When the people mentioned the Ministry of People's Livelihood, they wanted to see a savior. But now, when people mentioned the Ministry of People's Livelihood, they would say: "Those corruption victims of the Democratic Party have robbed the food of the victims of the disaster." Therefore, when the Democratic Party and the northern factions stopped fighting and commanding, and the Democratic Party represented by Sun Liwen actually dealt with internal affairs, they encountered difficulties that were difficult to overcome, which made the Democratic Party members realize at the first time that it was easy to fight for power and profit, and it was difficult to govern the country.
Wang Maoru made the "Renxu White Paper" into two parts, the same one is true and the other is fake, and the real one is left in his own hands, and the fake archives were sealed. Sun Liwen didn't read anything, but looked at the last page of the National Defense Forces budget of 255 million silver dollars (the National Defense Forces system solves 750 million yuan by itself, and the Ministry of Finance only needs to provide 180 million yuan). He then looked bitterly and discussed with Wang Maoru to reduce military spending. Wang Maoru smiled bitterly: "The heavy weight of national defense is above Mount Tai, how can it be reduced? The soldiers are not full of guns and there are no bullets in their guns. How can they defend the country when fighting?"
Sun Liwen said: "Is there too much funds for reorganized military personnel resettlement in the national defense budget?"
Wang Maoru said: "These people have to immigrate to the Western Regions with their families. I just think there are fewer, not more."
Sun Liwen knew that if Wang Maoru handed over this white paper to the Ministry of Finance, then the Chief Financial Officer Fang Hongxin would definitely invest all the central funds into the National Defense Force without hesitation. Then, this year, the president, he, was unable to do anything except to receive a salary in the office. So Sun Liwen and Wang Maoru discussed it carefully and refuted it one by one, and finally successfully reduced the national defense budget to 400 million yuan.
Sun Liwen said bitterly: "One 80 trillion silver dollars, the central government's revenue last year was only 410 million yuan."
In the early years of the Republic of China, the Beiyang government's annual income was the largest year in the first ten years of the Republic of China, but it was only 70 million, and the national fiscal expenditure was as high as 200 million. Yuan Shikai had to borrow from foreign banks, which also set a precedent for Chinese warlords to borrow from foreign countries. However, in the early years of the Republic of China, the country was only nominally unified, with only the railways of the Ministry of Transport, the national salt tax, the loans of the State Bank of Communications, the postal and telecommunications expenses, the stamp duty of joint-stock companies, and the loss of currency uniformity. The Yuan Shikai government's fiscal expenditure was eight, one was the Boxer Treaty compensation, the second was the compensation for Shimonoseki Treaty, the third was the military expense, the fourth was the withdrawal of military expenses, the fifth was the disaster relief, the sixth was the government expenditure, the seventh was the construction expenditure of various countries, and the eighth was the royal family preferential treatment. So in the end, Yuan Shikai left only two million silver dollars to pay the wages of government personnel.
The finances in the early years of the Republic of China were the best in the decade of the Republic of China. This difficult fiscal system did not improve until the National Defense Forces moved in and took charge of the Ministry of Finance. To put it bluntly, the economic planning of the National Defense Forces was a combination of the two dictatorial economy and the planned economic system. This system has both advantages and disadvantages, but when it was unified, this tough economic system also brought great benefits to the government.
In fact, starting from this year (the 11th year of the Republic of China), the central government's finances of the Republic of China began to improve. Last year, a series of tax reform bills were passed. There were many economists among the Democratic Party. Among them, six of the most important bills to stimulate the economy were passed. They were all passed. They were the "Salt Tax Reform Law", "Tariff Reform Law", "Land Tax Reform Law", "Personal Income Tax Collection Measures", "Business License Tax Law", and "Stamp Tax Reform Law". The passage of these six bills will quadruple the fiscal revenue of the central government in the 11th year of the Republic of China. However, the balance of income and expenditure of the Ministry of National Defense alone will account for more than half of the central government's finances. At the same time, the large-scale circulation of RMB silver dollars has brought one disadvantage, that is, goods
The currency began to depreciate domestically and externally. The domestic silver dollar depreciated by almost one-third, but instead appreciated by one-third to the outside world. On the one hand, this is because China's domestic economy flourished after no war and needed a lot of currency support. Huaxia National Bank began to issue more silver as its principal. On the other hand, the international environment caused the national strength of other countries to weaken, factories went bankrupt one after another, and had to rely on currency depreciation to increase exports. For the people, they found that the money they had in their hands sold was less, but buying foreign products was more than half cheaper, which had a certain impact on China's industry. In fact, inflation this year has already had an impact, but the people are grateful for a unified country and a stable life, but they don't think that inflation is so serious.
Inflation began to spread around the world, and China naturally could not survive. However, China was catching up with a good time, and the great powers were busy revitalizing their economy without caring about China.
In fact, a unified China has a gross national product and national productivity that is definitely at the forefront of the world. When Japan attacked the Qing Empire, it was a gambling mentality, because at that time Japan's national strength was even one-third of the Qing Dynasty. For an Eastern giant, he took one step, and those dwarfs needed to take ten steps to catch up. After the unification of the Republic of China, it largely avoided China's entry into the war and destroying itself. Japan also realized the power of China's unification. They no longer arrogant around the South Manchuria Railway and began to become cautious.
China's comprehensive national strength ranking is believed to be the first to the world at the end of the 11th year of the Republic of China. The premise is that China cannot have civil unrest or civil war. Last year's fiscal revenue was several times that of the early years of the Republic of China. As long as China is not in chaos, even if inflation is inflated, a self-sufficiency country like China will not have much impact. On the contrary, a country with a high degree of industrialization, such as Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom, has been greatly affected by the economic crisis.
Chapter completed!