Section 49      China-Russia Entanglement (2)

The emperor thought for a long time and sorted out all the details he knew about Tsarist Russia's eye for China for many years. He was afraid that he would forget it in the future, so he picked up a pen and took a stack of Chengxintang paper papers, wrote and painted on it, but couldn't lift his head for a long time, "Your Majesty, it's time to have a meal."

"Oh?" Looking up, it was getting darker, "When is it?"

"It's almost the hour of You." Jingyu whispered, "Your Majesty, please write after dinner."

"Okay." After thinking for an afternoon, he didn't put his pen over for an afternoon. He felt a little hungry. He put the papers down and got up to the East Nuan Pavilion. Liu Fu said "Transfer to the eunuch who was guarding the Ming Hall of Yangxin Hall. The eunuch in the hall passed this sentence to the eunuch standing outside the Yangxin Hall. Then he passed it over layer by layer. Without waiting for the echoes to disappear, a rank like a dowry had already left the imperial kitchen. This was a team of dozens of well-dressed eunuchs, carrying seven or eight tables, carrying dozens of red lacquer boxes painted with golden dragons, and headed straight for the Yangxin Hall. Entering the hall, the eunuch with white sleeves was taken over and arranged in the East Nuan Pavilion, with two tables of dishes, and another table of heart, rice meal, porridge, and pickled vegetables.

The emperor sat at the table, looking dazed, without any intention of having a meal. He suddenly waved his hand and said, "Remove. Liufu?"

"The slave is here."

"You go to the Nanshu and bring me a few books." He thought, and said, "The Imperial Documents General Examination, Shengjing General Examination, Heilongjiang General Examination, Jilin Foreign Records, and Emperor Gaozong's Records. Oh, no need, there is a real record in the Yangxin Palace. Go."

"twitter."

Liufu turned around and went out, and the emperor also got up, walked to the door, turned around and thought, "Jingyu, take these dishes to the warm pavilion opposite me. I'm afraid I'll be unable to sleep again tonight!"

Jingyu randomly ordered the little eunuch to take care of his job, and he followed him to the warm room opposite him. "Your Majesty, what a big deal, you don't even have to eat dinner? Be careful."

"I know, I know." He chuckled and nodded, "But, some things happened with a sudden inspiration. If the time is delayed, I will have time after a while, and I am afraid I will not be able to keep up with my spirit. Oh, please make some more cinnabar and wait for a while to use it."

Jingyu was full of pity. She knew that as long as he said such things, he would not be able to rest for another night. But the master's body was not so tough. As long as he didn't sleep for a night, he could immediately show his face. But in the end, the will was not disobeyed. He sighed softly and turned around and prepared.

After dinner, Liufu took the books he asked for and spread them out on the thick carpet in the warm pavilion. The emperor sometimes stood up, sometimes squatted down, sometimes thought about it, and sometimes wrote quickly. As he made records on the snow-white and soft paper of Chengxintang paper that only he could see, his heart became more and more filled with bitterness.

Compared with the Russians who have been watching the land of Kanto for many years, after the founding of the Qing Dynasty, the strategy of Manchuria and Mongolian autonomy was always implemented in the land of Longxing outside the pass. Even those who were as wise as Kangxi and Yingchao like Qianlong, after many years of peace, regarded this large and vast land as a useless existence and did not pay any attention to it.

During the Ming Dynasty, a total of 384 guards and several stations were set up in the Heilongjiang River Basin, stations and ground, and under the jurisdiction of the Nuergandus Division. Among them, the Onon River Basin (Onen River Basin), the Hanmagu (near Hamar River on the left side of the Ergun River), as well as the Hala River, Guben River, Jian River, An River and other guards along both banks of the Ergun River, and the Outer Baikal, west of the Ergun River, was originally a territory of China.

After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, it continued to be in charge of the Heilongjiang River Basin, set up officials to guard the Heilongjiang River, recruited troops and organized flags, and stationed and patrolled the border. At that time, the Heilongjiang River Basin was under the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang General and the Jilin General. The former was stationed in Aihui from the former and later moved to Qiqihar, while the Aihui was guarded by his assistant and deputy governor. The scope of the jurisdiction was from the Heilongjiang River above the confluence of the Heilongjiang River and above the Songhua River; the part below the Songhua River mouth was under the jurisdiction of the Jilin General and stationed in Huotong, Jilin.

There are two forms of administrative organizations in the Heilongjiang River Basin. The residents in the middle and upper reaches are assigned to the Eight Banners and Buhat (this is Manchu, meaning the tribe of the killing tribe) Eight Banners; in the downstream, in addition to selecting the people to join the Eight Banners, the surname chief is appointed, and the village chief is divided into households. Among them, the Ewenki people (this is a minority in China) are governed by the heads selected by the tribe. This person is appointed by the court and is rewarded with the heads. The yamen is on the bank of the Kumala River and is named Humakarenzo. Among them, Karen is Manchu, which means "Tai" or "Station".

Karen has many roles, mainly patrolling the border. Every year, the officers and soldiers of the Eight Banners have to go back to the Gerbich River from Aihui City along the Heilongjiang River to inspect the borders; capture fugitives, especially fugitives who have been captured from the mines of Nibchu; monitor the activities of local residents; and another is to check the passports of past merchants - from this point of view, they also play the role of customs.

Because the three eastern provinces were the place where the Qing Dynasty rose, while maintaining basic military defense, emperors of all dynasties had to use a semi-closed management model, which had to be divided into two aspects. The first was to focus on land and water. The Qing Dynasty's defense measures for the long coastline of the Liaodong Peninsula were as weak as it was already surprising.

In addition to the coastal areas of Liaodong, there are also coastlines from Wudi Bay through the Tatar Strait to the Tumen River Estuary, as well as many islands of Sakhal Island and Shantal Island. There are only naval camps in Lushun, one Han army stationed in the Han Dynasty, two assistants, four defenses, eight cavalry schools, one pen style, fifty urging people, five naval soldiers, five urging people, sixty sailors, ten warships at first, four warships were laid off, and only six were left. Such surface power, defending small-scale pirates, protecting sea transportation and general coastal anti-smuggling, are even more unspeakable.

As for the defense areas, they are also limited to the Liaodong coastline, the eastern coast and islands, and there are no navy and coastal defense fortresses, forming a completely complete coastal defense vacuum zone!

Jilin and Heilongjiang Navy were established after the Nibuchu War. They used the Jilin Shipyard as the base to gradually form a river defense system, with the focus being in the Heilongjiang area. Among them, Qiqihar has 10 warships, 15 warships of No. 2, 5 rowing boats each; 40 grain ships; 6 warships of the Morgan City Navy Camp No. 2, 4 river ships, 66 grain ships, and several other warships of the Heilongjiang Navy Camp. In addition, the jurisdiction of the three deputy commanders, including Sakhalin Island and the long eastern coastline, does not have a warship, which is unsolvable!

As for the Heilongjiang Naval Camp, there are two responsibilities: one is to patrol the river to carry out public security, and the other is to transport grain to supply military supplies. Especially the latter is the most important. However, by the end of Jiaqing, due to the development of each city, the grain supply was mostly self-sufficient, and the task of transporting grain was reduced. The grain transport ships "only Hulan had ten, but the rest did not hear about it." The river defense responsibility of the Naval Camp was also weakened because of the long-term peace. By the 20th year of Daoguang, there were only 14 ships in Qiqihar, 8 Morgan, and 32 Heilongjiang. Most of them were "sent to the riverside, and they were gradually rotten and corrupted, and there was no question. If it were not for grain transport to military food, almost no ship could be used."

The second loophole in strategic thinking is that it emphasizes the south and overlooks the north. Among the three eastern provinces, the jurisdiction of General Shengjing is far inferior to that of Hei and Ji and Ji, but in the overall layout, it clearly shows that he attaches importance to Shengjing and despise Ji and Hei. Judging from the distribution of land forces in the middle of Qianlong, General Shengjing was under the jurisdiction of the deputy commander, the city guard, the defensive lieutenant, and the defense lieutenant, with 14 officers under the leadership of 13 officers, 125 officers, 98 officers and cavalrymen, 198 officers and cavalrymen, 16,055 officers and cavalrymen, and 1,576 infantrymen. The above officers and soldiers were distributed in 24 garrisons and 16 border gates. Such numbers are almost equal to the sum of Ji and Hei provinces.

Although the military towns with more than a thousand people are not as good as the latter two provinces, the garrison sites are scattered and stationed in the Liaodong Peninsula and the Liutiao area. The density is not comparable to the other two provinces. This is because first, Shengjing was the capital of the Qing Dynasty, and the tombs of the royal ancestors, so the defense is naturally strengthened; second, various royal villages and other official villages in the area are densely populated, and the banner people's villages are lined up one after another, and the garrison sites are small and large in number; third, Shengjing once implemented a policy of recruiting and pacifying the people in the early Qing Dynasty, and a large number of Han people flocked in. After the ban was issued, the Eight Banners Army set up checkpoints to set up defenses everywhere to control local Han people and implement the ban policy.

In addition, the court used the reason that "Heilongjiang left, with deserted people and extremely cold", and there was no military town on a large area of ​​land east of the Ussuri River, north of Heilongjiang, and south of Xing'an Mountains, which made the "Hailongjiang Road not spread, the population became more and more distant, the border was not solid, and national defense was not reliable."

In addition, the "virtual border" policy was implemented, households were closed, walls were built to prevent people from flowing into the northeast, especially outside the willow border, strictly implementing the "clear border" to expel and eliminate refugees who reclaimed wasteland, ginseng, mined and gold mining, and even engraved the people on the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and the Ussuri River into New Manchuria. Although the defense was strengthened, it gradually moved its base in Ningguta, Jilin, and Shengjing moved south step by step, and the final result was that large tracts of land were vacant. In the east and north directions, the mountains and rivers were heavy and the coast was surrounded by the important areas of border defense, but there was no army or town, with sporadic people and empty defense.

Later, he moved the General of Ningguta in Jilin and the General of Heilongjiang in Qiqihar. The southward movement of the "Capital Circle" further made the border areas more empty. The strategic status of Ningguta and Heilongjiang City almost dropped to a negligible level.

Having written this, the emperor threw his pen up!

When he walked out of the Palace of Peaceful Heart, the night was already deep, but he was not sleepy at all. As a later generation, he knew what kind of disaster Tsarist Russia would bring to China. Compared with that, the economic benefits that Britain, France, the United States and other countries were only tiny scabies. Only Tsarist Russia and the small country in the East were the biggest troubles. But the past has long passed, and the Qing Dynasty lacked strategic vision for the Northeast, even a later generation with special experience, who knew little.

From what he saw today, he was afraid that he would not have the ropes to the eleventh number, so he could see so many problems and loopholes. This can only sigh that it was the blessing of our ancestors and God favored us! Hey! I was still in the seventh year of Xianfeng. In order to defeat the British and French coalition forces, I had the idea of ​​asking for the request of Bai Wei to be the Great Emperor Jia. It was ridiculous!

After taking a few breaths of cold air at night, he turned around, went to the warm pavilion, picked up the candlestick again, and searched the books scattered all over the floor.

The court's strategic failure in the Northeast was an issue that could not be avoided in any way. In terms of determining the strategic status of the three northeastern provinces, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty considered the role of the inward-oriented Eight Banners Mobile Soldier Source Base, and focused on the primary position of replacing the extroverted border defense base.

This is mainly reflected in the transfer of troops out of defense. From the 35th year of the Kangxi reign to the 22nd year of the Daoguang reign, the Heilongjiang area, which had less than 10,000 soldiers, was issued an imperial edict to recruit troops 22 times, reaching 35,000! Among them, within the 28th year of the Qianlong reign and the 29th year of the Qianlong reign, the emperor dispatched troops from the Northeast three times. The first was to transfer Soren and Daur soldiers from the Heilongjiang area to Samar, Kergos River and other places; the second was to transfer Xibe soldiers from Shengjing area and their relatives, and about 4,000 were moved to the Yili River to garrison; the third was to transfer the Ba Zuoren of Jilin and Ningguta New Manchuria to Beijing - in these three resignations alone, more than 20,000 were drawn away, which had a very bad impact on the border defense strength of Heilongjiang and Jilin.

In fact, it may not be unacceptable to use the Han people to supplement the empty local defense while mobilizing troops. However, in the eyes of emperors of all dynasties, banning the Northeast was the first necessary condition, mainly to achieve the following goals: First, establish a strategic situation to overlook the Central Plains - once there are police in the Central Plains, the Northeast cavalry can quickly enter the pass and enter the gate with a condescending force, forming a military deterrent.

Second, ensure the strategic position of controlling the ***. After the Treaty of Nebchu, Galdan became a huge threat to the Qing Dynasty. Emperor Kangxi's military strategy was to be prepared for Russia and turned into defense. In the 29th year of Kangxi, Galdan defeated Galdan in Ulanbutong. In that year, he moved the Heilongjiang General's Office to Morgan, from the bank of Heilongjiang to the Ya of Nenjiang.

Later, after the Galdan Incident was calmed down, he continued to move south to Qiqihar, closer to the ***, and then established three garrisoned deputy commanders in the upper reaches of the Songhua River, Jilin, Alechuka and Bodune, and spread Karen along the Hulunbuir border, echoing each other, forming clamp control control in the *** area.

The last point is that we do not have enough understanding of the surrounding areas of the Northeast. The Northeast region is bordered by the sea in the north, the Xing'an Mountains in the north, the North borders by North Korea, and the West borders by the ***. In the eyes of everyone, the scattered people are not afraid of it, and the cold and frozen coastline is completely unusable to humans. As for the other side of the sea, that is, the overseas Chinese traditional concept, it should be a barbaric place, and it is not worth worrying. Only the western region of the Northeast is mainly the jurisdiction of Hulunbuir, and Russia is one of the key points of the Northeast border defense, but only 5,000 troops are deployed. If you say that you can take such a large area of ​​land, it is a drop in the bucket and it is beyond your reach.

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After writing, the emperor smiled helplessly: I found a lot of problems. How to solve them? He didn't know the lack of strategy in the northeast direction. He moved to the bannermen and moved to Han people in the future without considering this aspect. Now it seems that he is unintentional to plant willows. However, the speed must be accelerated. Although he has mastered the secrets of heaven, how long can he support it? The defense of the three northeastern provinces has reached a difficult situation. He knows that Russians are not fools. Can they be scared by scaring?

Thinking of this, he stood up again and looked at the ringing bell. It was already past zero hours. His eyes were sore, but his spirit was extremely excited: National defense plans cannot be performed with clever tricks, and he still has to do the best! Let’s start with personnel allocation!
Chapter completed!