From a dialectical perspective, any missile guidance method always has its shortcomings, and "anti-radiation guidance" is no exception.

If we only describe the working principle of this guidance method, the so-called "anti-radiation guidance" means relying on the onboard radar of the enemy aircraft and the electromagnetic signals emitted by the communication equipment for return. This simple and clear guidance method does not require the carrier to provide any target illumination, and it seems very powerful at first glance.

When performing missions on the battlefield, fighter jets in most cases need to use airborne radar or use radio equipment to maintain contact; and as long as the enemy aircraft's onboard radar is turned on or use radio communication, the self-conductor of the anti-radiation air-to-air missile may be at extremely long distances. In fact, it often intercepts the target at a distance that exceeds the missile's own range, and the target locking work can be completed before launch, and once launched, it will immediately enter the return attack.

And on the other hand, the radar radiation signals of fighter jets are all launched forward, which means that the closer the enemy plane is, the more obvious the radar radiation signals are. Therefore, anti-radiation air-to-air missiles are very suitable for head-on interception - or, more precisely, they can only fully play their role in head-on interception.

Well, since anti-radiation-guided air-to-air missiles, both the guidance method and the combat mode, are quite similar to those of active missiles, then why are there so few types of missiles? In fact, except for the Soviet r-27p, other countries have not developed similar anti-radiation missiles?

This is because the guidance method of "reverse radiation guidance" has an innate serious defect: the guidance accuracy is not high.

It is not difficult to explain clearly the inherent shortcomings of the anti-radiation guidance method.

First, we can compare the "anti-radiation guided missile" with "semi-active radar guided missile" and "active radar guided missile": Although the three types of missiles use electromagnetic signals for directional guidance, the electromagnetic signals received by the self-conducting head of the latter two are carriers or their own radars. They are also emitted by the echoes reflected by the target, while the self-conducting head of the former receives direct electromagnetic radiation waves from the enemy aircraft's aircraft on-board radar and communication system.

This difference, which is not principled and easy to understand, is reflected in the direction and guidance of missiles, but is a serious problem.

Because as a "semi-active bullet" or "active bullet", since it is the target reflected wave of its own radar, the missile can complete signal coordination with the airborne radar or missile-based radar before launch, that is, to "align" or "matching" the signal; in this way, the missile mission will be easier, and you only need to find the echo wave according to the coordinated signal parameters and enter the return direction and cover it all the way.

However, the anti-radiation bomb does not have such good conditions, and the electromagnetic signal parameters emitted by the enemy aircraft cannot be known in advance. Therefore, we can only prepare a set of receivers and processing circuits that broaden the bandwidth, which means that the signal and circuit are completely "mismatched". It is naturally impossible to detect the enemy aircraft's position as a "semi-active bomb" or "active bomb".

If you use a superficial metaphor, for radar-guided missiles, the target generally appears as a bright and clear point in the field of view, or has a high angle measurement accuracy; for anti-radiation missiles, the target in the field of view is often just a spot with blurred boundaries, and the angle measurement accuracy cannot be very ideal.

As we all know, if a missile wants to hit a target, it is the minimum prerequisite for distinguishing the exact position of the target; if you even see where the target is vague, can you still expect a high hit accuracy?

It is precisely because of this difference in guidance principle that the combat capability of anti-radiation missiles is quite limited.

For example, Harm, which was a big hit in the Gulf War, has a high technical level and is often not as ideal as the Americans claim to the outside world. Some of the results are not directly hitting Iraqi radar facilities, but the secondary damage effect of explosions near the radar.

Of course, this may not be a big problem for attacking hard targets on the ground; but if air combat weapons are designed with the idea of ​​anti-radiation guidance, anti-radiation guidance air-to-air missiles obviously need to have the minimum guidance accuracy to hit enemy aircraft flying at speeds of hundreds of kilometers or even thousands of kilometers per hour. The difficulty between the two is naturally incomparable.

Let’s talk about the results of several fixed target shooting experiments of r-27p. It can be said that it can basically only hit targets with basically fixed routes and basically stable electromagnetic radiation. As long as the target makes maneuvering avoidance or performs electronic interference, the missile will have a large guidance deviation. Not only that, during some tests, even if the target does not make any maneuvering or electronic interference, the missile will "pass by" from the target near the target, because the distance between the two is greater than the detonation distance of the warhead, and in this case, there is no way to damage the target.

It is precisely because of the serious defects of anti-radiation missiles that the R-27p, which can be said to be a unique approach in thinking, does not equip the Soviet vvs and pvo as brothers like the R-27r and R-27t. Many front-line troops not only never use this missile, but also do not know that there is such a weapon.

Moreover, Long Yun is also very clear that based on the actual combat performance of r-27p, the general view of the Soviet military research department believes that in real air combat, there are generally only two strategies for using r-27p: either it is used to "sneak attack" NATO early warning aircraft with very obvious electromagnetic radiation characteristics when the carrier aircraft sneaks into the enemy, or it is to implement multiple volleys before the carrier aircraft enters the visual air combat, which plays a psychological role of "shocking" the enemy.

But whether it is a "sneak attack" or a "shock", it is not Long Yun's purpose now.

Precisely because of his clear understanding of the pros and cons of anti-radiation missiles, he knew very well that if he wanted to use R-27p to fight "slammer", he had to use the latest anti-radiation guidance technology in the real world to improve it; not only that, due to the level of electronic technology of the Soviet Union in parallel worlds, in addition to the limited degree of improved missiles, he also needed to think of some design skills and formulate a brand new air combat tactic in order to truly deal with the Americans' active threat for a period of time.
Chapter completed!