The right hand of the servant kneeling behind Ding Gan was Ding Gan's human spittoon. The boy wearing a top hat in the middle was Peter Tiff's minor son. Then the Zulu people launched a killing and looting against the Boers, including those who were underage.

In the picture below, the Zulu people held a torch in their right hand. It is said that they should be a baby, but because they were too cruel, they changed to a torch. On November 20, 1838, Andres Pretorius led a reinforcement of 464 people from Cape Town to provide assistance.

On December 15, 1838, the team set up a combat formation with 64 ox carts on the Encombe River - the ox cart formation. Ding Gan missed the opportunity for the night attack, in the early morning of December 16.

Relying on the favorable ring-shaped ox cart array, the Boers used advanced muskets to shoot the Zulu's spear signs. In this battle, the Zulu suffered heavy losses, with more than 3,000 casualties, and blood stained the Encommun River red. This battle is also called the "Blood River Battle". "The time, place, and harmony of people" is often the inevitable magic weapon of attacking more with less and using weak to defeat the strong.

In January 1839, the two sides signed a "peace agreement", and Ding Gan was forced to cede a large area of ​​land south of the Tugra River to the Boers and delivered thousands of livestock and several tons of ivory as "indemnities" for war. Ding Gan's younger brother Umpanda seized power In this war, the Boers women showed their strength, wisdom and bravery.

The pioneers used sweat and blood to open up a new world for their descendants. Four huge arched windows, inlaid with Belgian-style glass, and the marble water-like figures of the ground flowed around, symbolizing waves rushing towards freedom.

The Memorial Tower Auditorium in the basement is the center focus of the memorial. "cenotaph" means both "monument" and "cenotaph". Therefore, it is also a symbolic resting place for the United Camp Governor Pietretief and all other immigrant pioneers who died in the Great Migration. The flags of the Boer Republic of various periods are hung around the auditorium.

Every year at 12 noon on December 16th, the sunlight shines on the tomb through a dome opening in the memorial hall. It falls on the sentence "onsvirjousuidaf" which means "everything for you-South Africa". Gerard touched erdijk explained.

The sun's rays symbolize God's life and work for the immigration pioneers. During the century-long celebration of the Great Migration, the White Cultural Organization of South Africa (ATKV) held a national event to collect memorials of the immigration pioneers. A large number of items collected at this event were temporarily stored in Harten Boss (Hattanbos).

People wanted to display these monuments one day in their own museum in the Memorial Hall of the Ancestors. At that time, Ms. Kotieroodtcoetzee, a female senior from Transvaal, had tried to establish such a museum. In 1960, a new "Museum of the Ancestors" was finally established locally.

The Museum of History and Culture managed the museum until 2000. The board of directors of the Ancestors and the Nature Reserve finally took over its management.

In December 2000, the museum moved back to the basement of the memorial. In order to align with images that reflect immigration pioneers and their relationship with their lives and other residents in southern Africa, the museum also added an information column.

In this small museum, not only displays the life scenes of the ancestors during the migration, but also displays daily necessities from the time, from toys, musical instruments to books and letters, which make people travel back more than a hundred years ago and feel the hardship and optimism.

Among the numerous exhibits, a batch of exquisite brocade-woven boards are particularly eye-catching. These artworks are fifteen scenes from the Great Migration period that nine women spent eight years completing.

The brocade contains 3.3 million stitches, and the brocade painting scenes embroidered by women were painted by artist WHCOETZER. In 1960, the women and mothers movement group of the White Cultural Organization in South Africa donated these 15 historic brocades to the ancestors' memorial hall.

Take a small elevator to the open-air viewing platform on the upper floor. Once the elevator door opens, there is a long corridor carved out of granite in front of you. Under the projection of sunlight, interlaced light and shadow appear.

A hundred years ago, there were four countries in southern Africa, namely the Cape Republic (capital Cape Town), the Natal Republic (capital Durban), the Transvaal Republic (capital Pretoria) and the Orange Republic (capital Bloemfontein). Both of them are closely related to the pioneers of the Boers.

In 1910, Britain formed the South African Federation of four republics, Cape, Natal, Transvaal and Orange. When determining where the capital of the South African Federation was set, the countries refused to give in and fought happily. Finally, they reached a compromise, and designated the administrative capital as Pretoria, the legislative capital as Cape Town, and the judicial capital as Bloemfontein.

The remaining Durban received the fat and shortage of goods import and export. Everyone was happy.

After the founding of New South Africa in 1994, the apartheid system was abolished, but the tradition of the three capitals of a country was not changed. The "Ancestor Memorial Hall" was also preserved. This building that records the grievances between whites and blacks is an important tourist attraction in Beatu, but there will definitely be no black people among the people who come to visit.

The black driver who sent tourists could only endure to come to this dazzling place again and again for work.

Although colonial wars are not worthy of praise, in a sense, the "Ancestor Memorial Hall" seems to be a beautiful cover for the Boers' plundering behavior. However, looking at the development of history, it is impossible to admit that "colonization" is different from simple "plundering" and "invasion", at least.

It has indeed promoted the progress and development of many regions. Whether the landing of these European countries has caused greater harm to the colonial rule of indigenous peoples, or has provided greater help to the economic and cultural areas of this land, and which is right and wrong, can only see the answer from the development of the country.

Although the "Ancestor Memorial Hall" still stands intact on the hill, I saw a strange phenomenon on the streets of Bitu. All the street signs have two names. The road names pronounced in English in larger fonts are drawn with a long diagonal line, and the new street names pronounced by the natives are written below.

Yun Luo has no right to comment on this practice by "ignorance, hard work, and money-losing people." But "national spirit" should not be an excuse to drag down social progress. For a moment, he saw the country and cities on the other side of the earth.

Follow the strange street signs to another important building in Bethau, Union Building, which is the location of the Presidential Palace. The building is located on a hill in Pretoria overlooking the whole city.

Designed by Sir Herberbeck and built in the early 20th century. It is a majestic granite building with a semicircular European palace-style building, symmetrical, office buildings on both sides, and two bell tower-like buildings.

There is a huge sculpture in front of the building, with the bottom made of beige granite. On the top of the round monument are two warriors standing on both sides of a horse with its head raised and its hooves raised.

One description says that this shows the British and Boers’ determination to surrender the indigenous people and jointly rule South Africa; another description says that the sculpture is actually a "Monument to the Heroes of World War I", symbolizing the South African warriors during World War I. Yunluo is more willing to believe the second statement. Because you can see the answer by going down the stairs.

Below the building is a well-designed and maintained garden, full of greenery.

Down the stairs, a statue of James Barrymunnikhertzog (James Herzog) was erected in the center. He studied law in his early years, practiced lawyers in Pretoria in 18921895, and later worked in the Orange Free State High Court during the Second Boer War (18991902).

He served as deputy commander-in-chief of the Aolanye Free State Army; in 1907 he participated in the Cabinet of the Orange Free State Autonomous Government; in 1910 he entered the first cabinet of the South African Federation; in 1914 he founded the Afrikaan Kuomintang; in 1924, he served as Prime Minister of South Africa in 1939; although the Dutch ancestors gained a territory to survive after defeating the indigenous people of South Africa.

But both sides also established hatred in war and killing, which led to a policy of racial discrimination among Dutch descendants. Herzog spent his life encouraging the development of white South African culture, but also prompted South Africa to implement a half-century apartheid system. His statue was not destroyed after 1994, which is considered a manifestation of "peaceful transformation."

Going further down is the "Tomb of Heroes in the First World War". It proves that the statue at the top should be a monument. And the "19141918" is engraved below the statue, which was the time of World War I. Although South Africa was not a participating country, as a British colony, it still sent thousands of troops undisclosedly.

Assisting the Allies to fight, almost all of these South African soldiers were sacrificed in the end. The war affected not only the nominal protagonists. There were also too many supporting characters who were implicated, praying that such monuments, such mausoleums, and such attractions would no longer appear on the earth.

A statue standing in the lawn at the bottom is the first prime minister of the South African Federation - Louis Potha (Louis Botha), who was also one of the founders of the Afiligan Party. During the Second British-British War, he was the commander of the South Station District. In September 1899, Potha captured an ambush in an ambush.

Former British Prime Minister Winston Leonardspencerchurchill (Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill), who was a reporter at the time, was one of the prisoners. Because Churchill was armed with weapons, the Boers refused to release the war correspondent. In December 1899, Churchill escaped from prison alone.

He returned to Britain in March 1900, and became famous throughout the country and successfully entered politics. In 1910, Churchill became the Home Secretary. In the same year, Bota became the first prime minister of the South African Federation until his death in 1919.

The "history class" I had been having a very complicated feeling, and the best way to adjust my mood was food. Someone had already prepared Nalan Shiqi and Yunluo for food. My friend opened a restaurant in Bitu, and specially asked the chefs in the capital to cook Nalan Shiqi and Yunluo for food. The ingredients were fresh and authentic, which was enough for foodies to talk about for the rest of their lives.

On the expressway connecting Joburg and Beat, there are many iron frames spanning the middle, with long rows of searchlight-like equipment on it. In fact, this is a new measure by the government to increase the toll fees on the highway, requiring vehicles passing through the expressway to install another equipment, which can generate induction with the equipment on the iron frame while driving.

This measure was thus calculated and charged according to this data. This measure was opposed by the people, and groups representing the people protested to the government. It is said that blacks were particularly slow in their work, and the repair of many public facilities has been unlimitedly delayed, and the installation of this expensive facility only took several days.

This is also one of the reasons why the public is extremely dissatisfied. Although after several negotiations, the government finally gave the charging standard from a few yuan per kilometer to a few corner per kilometer, but it was still rejected and no one installed the vehicle-mounted equipment. Therefore, this iron frame that was standing like mushrooms after a rain was useless and became a heart-wrenching problem for the current government.

In addition to three capitals and one important port, the major cities in South Africa also have a city that maintains the lifeline of the country's economy - johannesburg. One day in 1886, a white man named George Harrison tripped over a stone exposed to the ground while walking on a farm in the upper reaches of the Wah River in the northeast.

And this stone was actually a gold nugget. As a result, gold diggers flocked around the world and set off a wave of gold digging. As gold diggers increased, a large population of settlement was formed. At that time, the government of the Republic of South Africa sent specialists to inspect here, planning to establish a town, and two people were assigned to perform this task.

One was a Dutch immigrant named Johann, and the other was a Boer named Chuji Stiaan Johannes Joubert. So the cities established on this golden land were named after their names Johann and Johannes, and with the suffix of "city, town", the suffix of "city, town" was burg, and today's johannesburg was created.

Later, the Boers discovered other precious minerals on this land, and diamonds were one of them. South Africa has been famous for 100 years as a gold mine and diamond power. In 1981, the gold mining volume was 6,576 tons, accounting for more than half of the world's total gold mining volume that year. Johannesburg became a veritable gold capital.
Chapter completed!