Chapter 623 The Soviet Union has always been
When he returned to the car, Lin Yu couldn't help but snorted coldly, "A group of greedy guys."/"
Danze also sneered and said, "They naturally thought that they wanted to make the ruble a waste paper, so that they might not have to spend a penny, and they could also make a country bankrupt and get astronomical wealth out of thin air. As expected, they are typical financiers, and their greedy faces make people do evil."
When he heard Danze say this, Lin Yu's face twitched slightly. You know that he was a financier in his previous life. Isn't this also implicitly mocking himself? But he also knew that Danze hated bankers entirely because of his noble family. He had no good feelings for those guys who were greedy for money. He didn't care about it. He just said, "According to a depreciation of 25 times, we actually need to spend hundreds of billions of dollars in actual funds. Let Europe prepare for it. In addition, let the Russian government increase the transaction price of rubles to US dollars. If nothing unexpected happens, these guys will try their best to transfer the funds. I can't be so cheap for them.
Danze nodded. He knew the reason why Lin Yu did this. 'I don't want this country to go bankrupt. I will leave some strength and at least recover faster. In the future, the family will expand its power around the world and launch a war. The current Soviet power is indispensable.
In the end, everything was as planned, and the ruble depreciated and at an unimaginable rate, when a dramatic scene of private banks' external parties publicly exchanged the depreciated ruble for the dollar for publicly depreciated.
At this time, the anxious Soviets were completely ineffective. It was estimated that private banks that used to serve well and did not need to queue up. Except for European banks and a few American banks, other banks and institutions no longer provided smiles and coffee.
The depreciation of the ruble continued. The Russian ruble exchanged 1 ruble for 28 dollars, and quickly collapsed to KC ruble for 1 dollar, depreciating 280 times. It was not until this time that the ruble currency value stabilized. Russia's financial system and market price system also collapsed. Everyone's savings depreciated by 280 times overnight with the collapse of the ruble overnight. A once the world's second largest economy fell into the position of a third-rate power.
Hundreds of billions of dollars sold a superpower that dominated the northern Eurasian continent for 70 years! This may be the biggest comedy and the biggest tragedy of the 20th century!
At the end of the 20th century, the world's political territory fluctuated violently. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the frequent changes in Eastern European countries made the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe come into people's sight again. After experiencing "ten days that shocked the world", the Soviet Union experienced "ten months that shocked the world". On December 26, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union finally announced the cessation of the Soviet Union's existence in the form of a constitution.
At the same time, Yeltsin declared that the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was illegally sealed off the Soviet Union's building and banned all activities of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
However, it is surprising that all this happened so briefly. Why did Gorbachev's reform ruin the Soviet Union? Was it economic or political reform that disintegrated the Soviet Union? Why did the superpower with a total industrial and agricultural output value of up to 3 trillion US dollars (1980) be wiped out in an instant?
What is even more surprising is where the huge Soviet assets fell to the ground?
Why did the shock therapy, which has achieved a major success in Poland, cause an extreme recession in the entire country's economy?
As we all know, the first reformer of the Soviet Union was Lenin.
Although the wartime states of the anti-Alliance armed intervention showed great superiority, it hurt the interests of the peasants, and a peasant storm occurred in 1921.
Lenin urgently ordered the regulation of the country's economy and the implementation of new economic policies, and the Soviet economy recovered.
Next is Stalin's stage.
Lenin's new economic policy could have lasted longer, but the complex international situation forced Stalin to abandon the new economic policy: "When we don't need it, put it aside."
Stalin decisively chose to abandon the new economic policy, and the main source of the storm was the stormy China: "Hua has no heavy industry or military industry. Now whoever is happy can ravage him."
China's experience made Stalin realize the importance of developing heavy industry and military industry. Therefore, the Soviet Union placed heavy industry and military industry as the top priority in economic development. However, it was understandable to do so at that time, because the Soviet Union was surrounded by surrounding capitalist countries, and there was also a restless Germany next to it.
But the problem arises: because the highly concentrated planned economic system seemed too perfect at that time. The Soviet Union's average annual economic growth rate in the first two five years was all exceeded 20rl (the third five-year plan was interrupted by the war. The Western Soviet Union's losses were 3% per year, with a total of about 20%. The actual annual loss of the Soviet Union should be between % and 10%, and the total loss of about 40% of the economy). The Soviet Union became an industrial country. The total industrial output value jumped to the first place in Europe and the second in the world. Socialism showed strong productivity in the early stage. Of course, this was an unprecedented economic growth brought about by the extremely high enthusiasm for production of the people.
In fact, the most outstanding contribution of the planned economy in that era also played a decisive role in resisting the global economic crisis of 1929. The relatively closed market (or there is no market at all) avoided an unprecedented "wool shearing" action by international bankers. In this global recession, the United States suffered the most serious losses, and nearly 100 million US dollars of assets flowed into the pockets of international bankers.
But at the same time, the maverick Soviet Union, under the guidance of the first five-year plan, developed rapidly in the economy. The Soviet Union established a relatively complete heavy industry system. Moreover, since capital was accumulated through the savings of its own people and effectively avoided risks, foreign capital, technology and talents quickly began to turn to the Soviet Union to find a way out.
However, Stalin did not take advantage of this favorable opportunity to attract large amounts of foreign investment, or to attract high-quality assets from the United States and Western Europe at low prices in the name of the government, but he still achieved great results.
During World War II, the Soviet Union's industrial capacity was fully demonstrated. In the invasion of Western Europe, Germany and Italy, except England, combined, the combined industrial capacity of Germany and Italy, was still less than half of that of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union's huge production capacity provided him with enough tanks, aircraft and artillery in the war, and was the sharp sword for the Soviet Union to win.
After the war, Stalin believed more firmly that the wartime policy was a one-sided understanding of the correct and convenient way to move towards the war.
But Stalin knew very well that he had to take some kind of reform to the Soviet Union. This reform was not economic but political reform, which was the reform of Soviet bureaucracy that I had said before, but this reform ended in failure.
Next is Khrushchev.
There was an episode before Khrushchev. Soviet President Marleinko tried to push reforms as chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers to increase workers' wages, but Khrushchev quickly stopped this counterattack and firmly controlled the regime.
However, although Khrushchev criticized Stalin from beginning to end, he still changed the soup and did not change the medicine. The country still implemented a highly concentrated planned economic system and the Stalin-Soviet model.
Khrushchev was the only general secretary in Soviet history who had to come down. In other words, Khrushchev was forced to "voluntarily step down", and then Brezhne, who led the Soviet Union to "extreme prosperity".
During the Brezhnev period, a series of talented people, including important Soviet ministers and chairman Kosigin and Sherepin, pushed the Soviet Union's new economic system reform, which was the famous "three horses" in history. The reform was extremely successful at the beginning, and the Soviet economy improved greatly and maintained rapid growth in double-digit numbers.
Paul Volcker proposed on November 9, 1978 that the world economy had a controlled disintegration,
The question is, whose body is solved? How to disintegrate?
The third world countries with serious debt were of course the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
After the US dollar and pound completely escaped from the "gold standard", capitalists can use the high-efficiency "meat grinder" of "inflation" with confidence.
After the interest rates of the US dollar and pound soared, the huge debts of third-world countries have become destined to become meat in the meat grinders of capitalists under such amazing "wealth".
Of course, the first target was not the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, but Japan.
After World War II, Japan rose rapidly with its strong foreign capital and its own soft power. The vigorous rise of Japan's economy made the confidence of the Japanese people unprecedentedly high. When Japan's GDP exceeded half of the United States, the Japanese were in high spirits. However, capitalists were timid. If Japan continued to develop, the yen would inevitably impact the US dollar and cause irreparable losses to their interests. So they invested in the Tokyo stock market, a financial nuclear bomb, "Stock Index Put Futures". Japan suffered heavy losses and was everywhere. Within a month, there were no less than thousands of people who committed suicide and jumped off the building.
It was the Soviet Union's turn.
Financial oligarch Soros, former chairman of the Federal Reserve, Paul Volker, Citibank Vice President Anno Rudin, and Harvard professor Jeffrey Sachs, jointly fabricated the "oscillation therapy" that killed Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in one blow. Soros himself summarized this therapy: I considered that changes in the political system would lead to economic improvement. Poland is a place to try. I prepared a series of extensive economic reform measures, which consists of three components: focusing on currency, adjusting structure and debt restructuring. I think it is better to complete the three goals at the same time than to implement them separately. I advocate a macroeconomic debt and share replacement.
Chapter completed!