Chapter 604 The EU is here

Then, at the European Economic Summit held in Brussels, French President Mitterrand declared, "If we restrict our enterprises from growing stronger than ever, it will be difficult for us to adapt to the future global economic development in the future. What we need to do next is to encourage our enterprises to become bigger and stronger to cope with increasingly fierce competition in the future. "

His words seemed like a stone falling into the calm water, causing an uproar, and all the participating countries participated in the heated discussion.

Finally, the General Assembly reached an agreement to open up the defense market between European countries, popularize low tariffs in the front, allow transnational mergers as the government's next work, further open up the European Community market and make final preparations for the final economic integration.

The convening of the European Economic Summit reduced the resistance of transnational mergers in Europe. So, Swiss Boweli and Swedish Assia Company reached a merger to form the largest electrical company in Europe a88 Company.

At the same time, France's Prestige Group merged with France Telecom, and then France Telecom merged with Canadian entertainment giant Sigram to form the world's largest media group.

Affected by this news, the United States is not willing to be outdone. Soon, Time Warner and American Online officially began negotiations. Once the two companies reach an agreement on the merger, it will soon replace the newly established French Telecom and Sigram's status.

When the storm began in Western Europe, major American media were competing to report that the Wall Street Journal even made a prediction about it. Another wave of mergers and acquisitions has arrived, and a huge merger and acquisition tsunami is sweeping the whole world.

Perhaps to confirm this sentence, next, Bank of America merged with Western Bank of America, and Lin Yu's grasp of Bank of America further deepened, and then Locksid, a famous American military giant, acquired Martin Marietta and established Lockheed Martin.

Then, major mergers and negotiations in the United States began one after another, such as the oil industry. Exxon felt pressure from BP and decided to marry Mobil Oil to form Exxon 7 Mobil Oil.

The banking industry felt pressure from Bank of America, with the merger of American Chemical Bank and Chase Manhattan, and Rockefeller further strengthened his control over Chase Manhattan.

Feeling the great changes in the US banking industry, in the UK, Royal Bank of Scotland merged with the National Westminster Bank, which was three times larger than that of the size of the country, not only established its dominance in Scotland, but also entered one of the largest banks in the UK, which shocked the banking industry in various countries.

This series of mergers and acquisitions is all showing the turmoil in the capitalist world and further deepening the subsequent wave of mergers and acquisitions in various countries.

Following the merger of Royal Bank of Scotland, the main battlefield was once again transferred to Europe.

First, BNP Paribas acquired Paris Paribas and the Urban Credit Bank, and then a storm from Switzerland began.

A series of small mergers and acquisitions began between major Swiss state banks. Then, Switzerland began its first "elephant marriage". Credit Suisse and National Bank merged to form Credit Suisse Group, becoming the largest banking group in Switzerland.

Immediately afterwards, United Bank of Switzerland and Swiss Bank officially began to discuss the merger. If the negotiation was reached, there is no doubt that the newly established Swiss Bank Group will definitely surpass Credit Suisse Group, become one of the world's largest financial institutions, and will also become the world's largest private bank, a large foreign exchange dealer, the largest asset manager, and its position in the global financial industry will be at its peak.

Affected by these news, on the same day, major stock markets such as Zurich, Frankfurt, Paris, and London all rose significantly. Investors are generally optimistic about a series of mergers and acquisitions between Swiss banks.

Following closely behind, Citibank, who felt pressure from Switzerland, also began to look for partners. At first, Citibank approached Bank of America and tried to merge with it, but was politely refused. Then Citibank and the fourth largest bank, US Bank, started merger negotiations.

The merger of Lloyds Bank and the UK Trust Savings Bank resulted in the Lloyds T08 Bank Group tied with Barclays, HSBC, H80s and Royal Bank of Scotland to be one of the five largest commercial banks in the UK.

At the same time, after just acquiring National Westminster Temple, Royal Bank of Scotland, which had been rectified for several months, once again acquired the second largest commercial bank in Scotland, Bank of Scotland, which once again greatly increased its strength and made many people wonder where this bank got so much money to acquire these banks.

Although Royal Bank of Scotland was already the largest commercial bank in Scotland before, it is absolutely impossible for them to acquire the National Westminster Bank, which is three times larger, and acquire the Bank of Scotland, which was not much smaller than it before. But now it has not only done it, but it seems that the funds are still abundant.

The series of actions of Royal Bank of Scotland have also attracted some people, and several other major banks have also begun to be on guard against Royal Bank of Scotland.

Next, major mergers and acquisitions in Europe continued to emerge. Also in the UK, another major merger case shocked the UK, that is, the two largest automobile companies in the UK, Royal Automobile and Royal Automobile Scotland announced a merger to form a British automobile company.

The merged British auto company will become the world's largest automobile company in one fell swoop, directly accounting for 178 of the world's mid-range automobile market, 57% of the high-end market and 90% of the top market.

This made Britain excited again. The merger clearly violated the antitrust law, but the Thatcher government later said at a press conference that the current monopoly is difficult to define.

Because with the acquisition of automobile companies such as the mini and the further development of the European Community market, the future British market will not only include British cars, but also compete from the United States, General Motors, Ford, Honda, Toyota, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and other internationally renowned automobile companies. In order to further enhance the competitiveness of British cars, appropriate integration is not considered to be unmonopolized, nor will it eliminate competition, but promote competition.

Later, Mrs. Thatcher said, "In recent years, with the development of privatization in the UK, the vitality of privatization companies now is something that everyone can see, hear, feel, and bring to the public. "

"In recent years, with the development of British Aerospace, British Petroleum, British Coal Mine Company, the British economy has driven great development in recent years. Their further growth has also led to the increase in the employment rate in the UK. Now the UK is in the best stage of development in history. We should believe in our enterprises, and we should also have some pride of our own. The empire is becoming stronger. In this regard, I hope it will become my common belief and you all."

Mrs. Thatcher's words have made many British people feel that in recent years, the UK's GDP has long seen a high growth of ●-48 and the unemployment rate has reached its lowest point in recent decades. At the same time, domestic prices have been stable, public investment has gradually increased, and people's living standards have also generally improved. These are what the British people really feel.

Therefore, they did not have much resistance to the establishment of British automobile companies. After all, the two major automobile companies have had a great impact on the UK in recent years. With the implementation of innovations, British automobiles are leading the world trend. The new design concept has made the company full of vitality and changed the world's conservative and unprofitable views on Britain.

This also made the British people truly feel the vitality and pride of Britain. Foreign and domestic, they can confidently introduce others to the vehicle, leaving a faint arc of the vehicle, "See, it's our British car."

Therefore, the British automobile company merged in an alternative and smooth manner, and the world's largest automobile company was officially established.

Just one month after the establishment of the British Automobile Company, the UK was once again surprised by a major acquisition case, that is, British Aerospace acquired Rolls = Reus.

Rolls = Reus is a famous British aero engine company and the largest aero engine company in Europe. Its various military and civil aviation engines developed by it are widely used by civilian and military aircraft around the world.

Now that British Aerospace has acquired this company, although it surprised the British again, it has not encountered too much public pressure. It must be because of the previous merger of British automobile companies.

After this acquisition, British Aerospace became the largest aerospace company in the UK, the largest missile manufacturer, the largest aerospace engine manufacturer, and the world's largest military product company.

British Aerospace's main scope of business also covers military aircraft, civil aircraft, missiles, satellites, electronic equipment, instruments and testing equipment, aviation engines, anti-submarine weapons, ordnance systems, space systems and system integration, weapon system development, production and other aspects.

It also truly monopolized the development and production of British military aircraft, spacecraft, aerospace engines and tactical missiles, and also became the biggest beneficiary of the Ministry of Defense's military product contract.

Immediately afterwards, affected by British Aerospace, military-industrial enterprises once again caused waves, and the acquisition wave once again hit.

First, France Aerospace merged with Matra to form France Aerospace-Matra.

Not long after, France Aerospace-Matra, Spain Aerospace and Germany Daimler Aerospace merged to form the European Aerospace Defense Aerospace Company.

Subsequently, European Aviation Defense Aerospace Company merged with European Helicopter Company and its scale further expanded

At this point, European Aerospace Defense Aerospace Company has officially become the world's second largest aerospace military group and the world's largest multinational aerospace company.

It holds 808 shares of European Airbus, with the remaining 20% ​​owned by British Aerospace, and also has the world's largest helicopter manufacturer, European Helicopter Company, and a joint venture to form the world's second largest missile manufacturer, MBDA.

In addition to a series of mergers and acquisitions in Europe and the United States, there are also constant mergers and acquisitions in other regions. For example, in Australia in Oceania, Australian mining giant BHP Billiton Mining acquired Western Australian Mining Company, further establishing its dominant position.

Under pressure, Rio Tinto Australia acquired Australia's Northern Mining Company, becoming the second largest mining giant after BHP Billiton.

The battle for the Australian mining industry is getting more and more intense, and there is almost a tense momentum.

In Hong Kong, Standard Chartered Bank successively acquired Bank of Hong Kong East Asia and Korea Zhengye Bank and established Bank of Hong Kong.

Subsequently, the Malaysian Petroleum Corporation and the Chinese government jointly developed oil near the Western Archipelago. The two parties each held 60% of the shares, and 40‰ Malaysia paid for technology, and the Chinese government transferred the oil field development rights.

In addition to the deepening wave of mergers, the world's eyes are all attracted by the world's eyes.

From September to November 1988, the Federal German regime changed a large number of key members of the Kohl government were replaced, while a large number of middle and upper-level officers in the military were replaced. At the same time, a large number of government officials and parliament members were investigated.

The German regime's exchange of federal governments also experienced great fluctuations in the economy of Germany, and many large companies' boards have undergone great changes. Of course, these are all carried out in a relatively stable way.

Subsequently, the political situation of the Federal Republic of Germany began to recover. On November 11, Federal Republican Chancellor Kohl attended the European Council Council meeting with Brussels and once again clarified the resolutions on the establishment of the European Union, and announced that the establishment of the European Union was January 1, 1989. The agreement was signed in The Hague, Netherlands, and its headquarters was in Brussels, Belgium. During this period, the European Community made every effort to prepare for the establishment of the European Union.

In January 1989, the European Community countries held a summit in The Hague, Netherlands to sign the Treaty of the European Union, referred to as the Treaty of the Hague, which came into effect from the date of signing.

The 17 countries that signed this agreement include France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Ireland, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Finland, Norway, and Andorra.

The purpose of the European Union is to "strengthen the economic and social development through the establishment of a space without internal boundaries and to establish an economic and monetary alliance that ultimately implements a unified currency, and to promote the coordinated and balanced development of the economy and society of member countries" and "promote the personality of the alliance on the international stage through the implementation of a common diplomatic and security policy."

At the same time, the EU raised the EU flag on the blue bottom, with 12 star flags geometrically distributed, and a huge "in the middle, surrounded by stars. According to the internal interpretation of the EU, these 12 star flags represent the twelve star crowns of the Virgin Mary, meaning that the Virgin Mary will always bless the European Union. The big "in the middle represents Switzerland in central Europe, which means that the EU is around Switzerland and that Europe will imitate the permanent neutral Switzerland, which is like a symbol of peace.

The establishment of the EU in 1989 was undoubtedly one of the most eye-catching events at the end of the 20th century. At the first time of the establishment of the EU, Canada, the United States, China and other countries sent congratulatory messages to congratulate the EU on its establishment. At the same time, we hope that the EU can make greater contributions in maintaining world peace and promoting world development.

Subsequently, in September 1989, the Council of the European Union was held to discuss the issue of a unified currency. As a result, the United Kingdom opposed it and all others agreed with it passed the resolution to issue a unified currency - the euro. Except for the United Kingdom, which will maintain the status of the British pound, other countries in the EU will use the euro. The progress of the euro will gradually transform the currencies of various countries into the euro according to the principle of gradual progress.

However, on the day the news was released, a club in Rhode Island, USA held a secret conference. The prospects were also Lira, president of the London Bankers Association. What the conference discussed was unknown to outsiders.

However, as the Rhode Island meeting was held, the next day, hundreds of billions of dollars suddenly entered the Federal Republic of Germany. The German stock market and the foreign exchange market heated up sharply, and the circulation of West Demark increased. At the same time, US Treasury Secretary James Baker questioned the Federal Republic of Germany exchange rate issue in Congress, believing that the value of the Federal Republic of Germany was too underestimated and demanded that the German Republic of China appreciate.

The US Federal Reserve then stated that it would cooperate with the government to put pressure on the German Mark issue, requiring the Federal Republic of Germany, as Europe's largest economy, to cooperate with the planned appreciation of government intervention in the value of the Mark, otherwise the Federal Reserve will use all possible means to punish Germany.

At the same time, the US Foreign Minister urgently informed the UK and asked the International Monetary Fund to discuss the Detie Mark issue.

The US Foreign Minister informed the French ambassador to the United States, Italian ambassador to the United States, and Spanish ambassador to the United States to discuss the issue of Germany, but was rejected by France and other countries.

The U.S. Department of Commerce then conducted an anti-dumping investigation on cars exported to the United States by Germany. If the investigation finds that there are dumping problems with cars exported to the United States by Germany, the United States will impose anti-dumping sanctions on Germany.

This move has caused strong responses in EU countries, and Western European countries have expressed strong concern about the United States' attempt to put pressure on the federal German Mark exchange rate and hopes that the German Mark will remain stable.

In order to curb the inflationary pressure caused by the possible domestic flow through the domestic flow that the entry of the US dollar has brought to Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany will officially launch a currency swap agreement with France, Italy, Spain and other countries to ensure the stability of the German currency circulation, maintain economic stability, and maintain the stability of the German Mark during the transition period.

Time passed by, and soon came October 1989.

At this time, there was also an in-depth discussion in Hong Kong...

"According to the recent situation, these are actually a kind of temptation," Sandywell said at the meeting, holding an analysis report from intelligence agencies and think tanks: "The United States is trying to take advantage of the turmoil of Federal Republic of Germany in economic transformation to deal with Mark, disrupt EU monetary integration, and at the same time test the unity of the EU."
Chapter completed!