Chapter 223: French Privatization Draft!!!

Chapter 223 French Privatization Draft

The wave of privatization and transformation of state-owned enterprises first originated from Britain. Britain was an old capitalist country. After World War II, the British economy gradually declined. In order to improve economic competitiveness, successive governments after the war successively carried out various forms of reforms to state-owned enterprises. The basic measures were to implement privatization and shareholding reform of state-owned enterprises. Their practices gradually affected most countries in the world from the late 1980s to the early 1990s, forming the so-called privatization wave.

After World War II, the European economy was generally sluggish. In order to better develop the national economy, most European countries nationalized state-owned enterprises. However, after the economic improvement of various countries, these state-owned enterprises gradually privatized. The United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy and other countries successively privatized enterprises. However, France has not taken this action.

After World War II, France gradually formed a relatively complete set of urban development, rural reform, mountainous development and protection and structural transformation policies for old industrial zones, which played a positive role in narrowing the gap in regional economic development, accelerating the development of backward areas, and even the entire national economic development.

First of all, the French government's main policy for the development of major cities in France is to control the development of large cities, encourage the development of local small and medium-sized cities, and establish central cities to promote balanced regional economic development and change the backward appearance of underdeveloped areas. The main contents include: taking measures to strictly limit the development of megacities such as Paris; adjusting the national urban structure, reforming the old urban system, accelerating the development of central cities such as Lyon, Marseille, and Lille, and promoting the movement of population and economic activities to these cities; formulating urban development plans to encourage the development of small and medium-sized cities and satellite towns.

There is also the promotion of structural transformation of old industrial zones. Since 1979, the French government has taken a series of structural adjustment measures for old industrial zones. The 1960s and 1970s were the first stage of transformation, and the "steel industry reorganization plan" and the "steel industry rescue plan" were proposed, which mainly promoted the modernization of enterprises by increasing investment, but did not achieve the expected results. After the Socialist Party came to power in the early 1980s, the transformation of old industrial zones entered the second stage, and the initial "revitalization" plan to expand coal and steel production was implemented, which in turn exacerbated the original "structural crisis". Later, due to the serious economic recession, the "sustainment" policy was implemented to accelerate structural adjustment, and the production was transformed from "inefficient quantity" to "high-efficiency quality".

In addition, since the 1950s, the French government implemented a series of financial reward systems that are conducive to narrowing the regional development gap, and successively established economic and social development funds, regional development bonuses, handicraft enterprise equipment bonuses, rural development and land improvement inter-ministerial funds, industrial modernization funds, etc., to provide subsidies to relocated enterprises and institutions in Paris and other major cities, and to reward business owners who invest in remote and backward areas. After the Socialist Party came to power in the early 1980s, these numerous bonuses and subsidies were renamed "land improvement bonuses" and major reforms were made to funding methods. In addition, for enterprises participating in regional development, the government also gave different degrees of tax exemption based on the region and the number of employment.

Another important impact on France is that after World War II, France took a series of measures to strengthen the power of the central government, but the central government's power was mainly concentrated, which restricted local enthusiasm and caused the division of regions to be divided, which was not conducive to the coordinated development of the regional economy. Since the 1960s, France began to implement a policy of decentralization to local governments, and some of the powers exercised by the central government were decentralized to regions and provinces. Since the 1980s, power was further decentralized, the autonomous management system was implemented, and local autonomy was expanded. Regions can formulate development plans according to the characteristics and needs of the region, thus mobilizing local enthusiasm. After the right-wing government returned to power in 2002, it passed a constitutional amendment bill on local decentralization in March this year. The right-wing government emphasized that local decentralization is an important political reform and will enable regions to release new economic vitality that can reach GDP 1.

Among them, promoting the structural transformation of old industrial areas is an important point. No matter which country, economic development and people's employment rate are always a concern. In order to better revitalize enterprises that are facing bankruptcy due to war, the French government nationalized most of the heavy industry and important industries, knowing that it was only in the late 1980s that it was truly privatized.

Thinking that the French privatization draft was about to be carried out, Lin Yu was excited. The British privatization did not catch up, and Lin Yu from France would definitely not miss it. This is the best opportunity to increase his influence. Japan's stock market crash can be eliminated, Black Monday can be eliminated, and even in banks can be eliminated, but Lin Yu will definitely not miss this opportunity. If you want to find such a good opportunity to interfere in the European economy, it will be difficult. I believe that this time, Lin Yu will definitely gain a foothold in Europe and will no longer be a wandering and rootless person.

Lin Yu can't remember when the specific time of the implementation of the privatization draft was, but Lin Yu knew that it was either in 1985 or 1986, and it would definitely not exceed 1987. However, Lin Yu was not very clear about how to intervene. If the privatization draft was in 1985, then Lin Yu would not have much capital to play Black Monday. If it were in 1986, then Lin Yu could completely cover the amount of financing for each first-class family limited by the French government, which should not exceed 100 billion US dollars. I believe that at that time, Lin Yu would be absolutely poor and only money left.

How many state-owned enterprises are there in France? I would like to mention here that according to statistics from the French National Economic Statistics Office, the French government controls about 1,552 enterprises in terms of total number, employed about 1.1 million employees, which is equivalent to 5.1 of the total number of employees employed by private enterprises. Although the number is not large, state-owned enterprises involve quite a wide range of areas, from shipbuilding to ports, real estate, industry and mining, electricity and gas, etc. Of course, among these state-owned enterprises, the most eye-catching ones are those large-scale large enterprises, not only because they are important enterprises among French state-owned enterprises, but also because of their privatization changes. Since the UK began privatization of state-owned enterprises in 1979, these enterprises have to gradually begin to move towards privatization according to EU laws and relevant regulations of industrial policies.

This is an opportunity, and the privatization process is still relatively long. The first phase of the privatization process in the UK lasted from 1979 to 1986. Although not many good companies were privatized after 1983, this also shows that the privatization of state-owned enterprises is a long process.

Chapter 223: French Privatization Draft!!!,
Chapter completed!