Correction at 7:05, Correction at 7:05

Huangdi Neijing is divided into two parts: "Su Wen" and "Lingshu".

"Su Wen" focuses on the internal organs, meridians, causes, pathogenesis, diseases, symptoms, diagnosis methods, treatment principles, and acupuncture.

"Lingshu" is an inseparable sister chapter of "Su Wen", and the content is roughly the same as it. In addition to discussing the functions, causes and pathogenesis of the internal organs, it also focuses on elaborating on meridians, acupoints, needles, acupuncture methods and treatment principles.

Collapse edit this section of the directory

Folding Pixel Catalog

The beginning of the Southern Dynasty ·The First Chapter of the Yuan Dynasty

Volume 1: The first theory of the Pian Shishi, the second chapter of the chapter on the Determination of Life and Death, the third chapter on the Treatise on the Insect Qi, the fourth chapter on the Five Qis, the fifth chapter on the Combination of the Sutra, the sixth chapter on the Adjustment of the Sutra, the seventh chapter on the Four Seasons’ Suggestions, and the seventh chapter on the Seventh chapter on the Seventh chapter on the Seventh chapter on the Seventh

Volume 2, The Eighth Theory of Transforming Essence and Change Qi, The Ninth Chapter of the Jade Edition Theory, The Tenth Chapter of the Final Treatise on the Diagnosis, The Eight Rights and Gods, The Eleventh Chapter of the Truth and Evil, The Twelveth Chapter of the Discussion on the Sample Disease, The Fourteenth Chapter of the Peel Discussion on Qi Points, The Fifteenth Chapter of Qi Fu Theory, The Sixteenth Chapter of the Bone Emptiness, The Seventh Chapter of the Miao Sect, The Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighteenth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of the Eighth Chapter of

Volume 3, The 19th Treatise on Yin and Yang Separation, Chapter 20th, Chapter 6 of the Twelve Internal Entrances, Chapter 21st, Chapter 22 of the Yangming Mast Resolve, Chapter 23 of the Five Internal Examination, Chapter 24 of the Long Knot, Chapter 6 of the Sixth, Chapter 21 of the Yangming Mast Removal, Chapter 22 of the Five Internal Examinations, Chapter 23 of

Volume 4, The 25th Discussion on the Heaven of Qi, The 26th Discussion on Quankui Zhenyu, The 27th Discussion on the Different yin and yang, The 28th Discussion on the Different yin and qi, The 29th Discussion on the Comprehensive Empty and Reality, The 30th Discussion on the External and Internal Affairs, The 31st Discussion on the Reverse Comment, The 32th Discussion on the Impotence, The 8th Discussion on the 8th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discussion on the 19th Discus

Volume 5, the 33rd discussion on the five internal organs, the 34th discussion on the decoction, the 35th discussion on the heat, the 36th chapter on the acupuncture of heat, the 37th chapter on the evaluation of fever, the 38th chapter on the malaria, the 39th chapter on the abdomen, the 40th chapter on the morbidity, the 41st chapter on the disease, the 42th chapter on the strange disease, and the 10th chapters.

Volume 6, The fourth three, The fourth four, The fourth four, The fourth five, The fourth six, The fourth six, The fourth seven, The fourth eight, The fourth eight, The fourth nine, The fifth chapter of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the acupuncture of the four seasons, The fifth eight, The fifth chapter.

Volume 7, Que.

Volume 8, Bi Theory 52, Water Heat Cave Theory 53, Calm Distinguishing White and Black, Fifty-Four, Fifty-Five, Fifty-Five, Fifty-Six, Fifty-Six, Yin and Yang Theory, Fifty-Seven, Four Seasons Discussions, Fifty-Eight, Fifty-Nine, Fifty-Nine, Fifty-Seven, Fifty-Five, Fifty-Six, Fifty-Five, Fifty-Six, Fifty-Fine, Fifty-Six, Fifty-Fine, Fifty-Nine, Fifty-Seven, Fifty-Fine, Fifty-Nine.

Volume 9, Ancient Innocence Theory 61, Four Great Treatise on the Adjustment of the Spirit, Sixty-two, Yin and Yang Response to the Elephant, Sixty-three, Five Internal Generation, Sixty-four, Different Methods and Prescriptions, Sixty-five, Cough Theory, Sixty-six, Wind Theory, Sixty-seven, Jue Theory, Sixty-eight, Great Discourse, Sixty-nine, Great Discourse, Seventy, Pulse Discourse, Seventy, Ten.

The above eight volumes are combined into seventy chapters.

Wang Bing Chapter of Tang Dynasty

Invigorating, Yin and Yang, internal organs, treatment methods, pulse methods, pathogenesis, disease symptoms, acupuncture methods, essence, qi and blood, luck, four diagnosis and ginseng

Volume 1, the first chapter of the ancient naive theory, the second chapter of the Four Great Treatise on the Adjustment of Gods, the third chapter of the Ejaculation and the fourth chapter of the Jinkui Zhenyan theory.

Volume 2, Chapter 5 of the Great Treatise on Yin and Yang Response, Chapter 6 of the Great Treatise on Yin and Yang Separation, Chapter 7 of the Different Discussion on Yin and Yang.

Volume 3, the Eighth chapter of the Linglan Secret Book, the Ninth chapter of the Sixth chapter of the Zangxiang Theory, the Tenth chapter of the Five Gangs of Generation, and the Eleventh chapter of the Five Gangs of Discourse.

Volume 4, Chapter 12, Chapter 13, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 15, Chapter 15, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 15, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter 14, Chapter

Volume 5, Chapter 17 of the Treatise on the Essence of Pulse and Chapter 18 of the Treatise on the Essence of the People.

Volume 6, Chapter 19 of the Yuji True Cang Treatise, Chapter 20 of the Three Parts and Nine Terms.

Volume 7, Part 21 of the Discussion on Meridians, Part 22 of the Discussion on the Times of the Hidden Qi, Part 23 of the Five Qis, Part 24 of the Blood Qi, Part 24 of the Confucian Qi.

Volume 8, Chapter 25 of the Total Shape of Baoming, Chapter 26 of the Eight Rights and Gods, Chapter 27 of the Theory of Separation and Reunion, Chapter 28 of the General Review of the Real and the Real, Chapter 29 of the Taiyin and Yangming, Chapter 30 of the Yangming Matrix Interpretation.

Volume 9, Chapter 31 of the Theory of Heat, Chapter 32 of the Apology of Heat, Chapter 33 of the Review of Fever Diseases, Chapter 34 of the Inverse Commentary.

Volume 10, Chapter 35 of the Malaria Theory, Chapter 36 of the Malaria Theory, Chapter 37 of the Qi Jue Theory, Chapter 38 of the Cough Theory.

Volume 11, Chapter 39 of the Theory of Pain, Chapter 40 of the Abdomen, Chapter 41 of the Puncture of Lower Pain.

Volume 12, Feng Lunar Chapter 42, Bi Lunar Chapter 43, Foul Chapter 44, Ju Lunar Chapter 45.

Volume 13, Chapter 46, Chapter 47, Chapter 48, Chapter 48, Chapter 49, Chapter 49, Chapter 49, Chapter 42.

Volume 14, Chapter 50 of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the Essay of the

Volume 15, Chapter 56 of the Pipi Treatise, Chapter 57 of the Meridian Treatise, Chapter 58 of the Qi Cave Treatise, Chapter 59 of the Qi Fu Treatise.

Volume 16, Chapter 60 of the Bone Hollow Theory, Chapter 61 of the Water and Heat Cave Theory.

Volume 17, Chapter 62 of the Treatise on the Regulation of the Sutras and Treatises.

Volume 18, Chapter 63 of the Miao Sect, Chapter 64 of the Four Seasons of the Sect, Chapter 65 of the Sect, Chapter 65 of the Spectrum Diseases.

Volume 19, the Great Treatise on the Tianyuan Ji Chapter 66, the Great Treatise on the Five Operations Chapter 67, and the Great Treatise on the Sixth Micro-Opinion Chapter 68.

Volume 20, Chapter 69, Chapter 70, Chapter 70, Chapter 5, Chapter 70, Chapter 70, Chapter 70, Chapter 7.

Volume 21, Chapter 71 of the Six Yuans and the Great Treatise on the Sutra, Chapter 72 of the Suppression of the Dharma (Secret Chapter), Chapter 73 of the Treatise on the Disease (Secret Chapter).

Volume 22, Chapter 74 of the Great Treatise on the Truth.

Volume 23, the seventy-five chapter of the Supreme Teaching Treatise, the seventy-sixth chapter of the Concise Treatise, the seventy-sixth chapter of the Five Demerits, the seventy-seventh chapter of the Four Disadvantages, and the seventy-eighth chapter of the Four Disadvantages.

Volume 24, Chapter 79 of the Yin and Yang Theory, Chapter 80 of the Formation and Rise, Chapter 81 of the Interpretation of the Essence and Subtlety.

Folding Lingshu Catalog

Volume 1, Nine needles and twelve original first, original second, small needles to solve third, evil qi accumulation in the home, fourth.

Volume 2, the fifth root knot, the sixth longevity, the seventh official needle, the eighth original god, the ninth beginning and beginning.

The six internal organs, namely the gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder and triple burner.

The Qiheng jing also belongs to the viscera, but it is also different from the normal. It refers to the brain, marrow, bone, veins, gallbladder and female cells. Here, the gallbladder is one of the great organs and also belongs to the Qiheng jing.

Although the internal organs are divided according to different morphological functions, they are not isolated, but cooperate with each other and use each other.

The meridian system can be divided into three parts: meridians, collaterals and acupoints. The meridians include twelve main meridians: hand Taiyin lung meridian, hand Yangming large intestine meridian, foot Yangming stomach meridian, foot Taiyin spleen meridian, hand Shaoyin heart meridian, hand Taiyang small intestine meridian, foot Taiyang bladder meridian, foot Shaoyin kidney meridian, hand Jueyin pericardial meridian, hand Shaoyang triple burner meridian, foot Shaoyang gallbladder meridian, foot Jueyin liver meridian. The twelve meridians are connected in the beginning and tail like rings without end, and the meridian qi flows through it and it repeats itself. There are eight extraordinary meridians that are different from the regular meridians: Du meridians, Ren meridian, Chong meridian, Ding meridian, Yin Qiao meridian, Yang Qiao meridian, Yin Wei meridian, Yang Wei meridian. (Note: "The Eight Extraordinary Meridians" one began in "Dian Meridian·Twenty-Seven Difficulties")

The communication between meridians is called collaterals. The smaller ones are countless Sun collaterals; the larger ones are fifteen, which are called fifteen collaterals. The description in "Lingshu·Medicaid" is very detailed.

Acupoints are the places where qi flows in and out of meridians, and are like transport, so they are named. The "Huangdi Neijing" refers to acupoints, first see "Su Wen·Qi Xiao Lu" and again see "Su Wen·Qi Fu Lu". Both the theories refer to 365 acupoints. In fact, the "Qi Xiao Lu" contains 342 acupoints, and the "Qi Fu Lu" contains 386 acupoints.

Essence, Qi and spirit are the three treasures of the human body. Essence, including essence, blood, fluid, and liquid; Qi and refers to the zong qi, honor and energy, and defense qi; Shen and spirit refer to spirit, soul, spirit, intention, and will. Essence and energy are the basic substances that constitute the human body. Qi and spirit are the complex functions of the human body. It can also be considered that Qi is the control of essence, essence is the house of spirit, and spirit is the use of essence and energy.

Folding Pathogenesis

The theory that studies the internal mechanisms of disease occurrence, development, outcome and change, etc. is called the theory of pathogenesis.

The "Su Wen·The Great Treatise on the Truth" says, "I examine the pathogenesis and do not lose my temper", "be careful to keep the pathogenesis and take their own parts" are the content of this theory.

1. Causes: There are many causes of human illness. The "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic" summarizes it into two categories. Wind, rain, cold and heat are actually the summary of the "six lusts"; Yin, Yang, joy and anger are the summary of the "seven emotions"; diet and residence are the "diet and fatigue". It can be considered that this is the origin of the three causes of later generations.

2. Onset: The contrast between the power of both good and evil determines the occurrence and development of the disease. This is the meaning of "the positive energy remains inside, and evil cannot be interfered". "The "Su Wen·Ancient Innocence Theory" says "The spirit is kept in the inner world, and the disease is always safe", and "Su Wen·Comment on the Fever Disease" says "Where the evil is gathered, the qi will be weak", etc., all argue this point.

3. Lesion: The changes in the disease are complex. The "Huangdi Neijing" summarizes the lesions in many aspects. Some are summarized from yin and yang, from the inside and outside, from cold and heat, from the perspective of deficiency and reality, the strong refers to the strong evil energy, and the weak refers to the weak positive energy. In general, those with positive and weak evil and evil are solid, those with evil and strong, those with positive and weak but not false, those with positive and weak but not true evil are weak, and those with positive and not false but not false.

Folding diagnosis legal theory

The four diagnosis of observation, hearing, asking and touching originated from the "Huangdi Neijing".

1. Observation and diagnosis: including observing the expression, observing the shape, and identifying the tongue coating.

Those who observe the expressions are as recorded in "Lingshu·Five Colors", "Lingshu·Five Readings and Five Messengers" and "Lingshu·Five Colors", which are all very meaningful in clinical practice.

Those who observe the form are to infer the condition of the disease by looking at the human flesh and skin. In clinical practice, the deficiency and excess are complex. Only by knowing the normal can we achieve the change.

Those who identify tongue coatings, such as "Su Wen·Red Theory", "Su Wen·Red Theory" and "Lingshu", etc.

2. Sniffing diagnosis: including hearing sounds and smelling odors.

Those who hear sounds are diagnosing the condition by listening to the patient's voice.

The second is smell. As stated in "Su Wen·Jin Kui Zhen Yan", liver disease is smelly, heart disease is stinky, spleen disease is smelly, lung disease is smelly, and kidney disease is rotten.

Warring States Period

Those who hold this view include Shao Yong, Cheng Hao, Sima Guang, Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty, Sang Yue of the Ming Dynasty, Fang Yizhi, Fang Xiaoru, Wei Litong of the Qing Dynasty, etc. The main reason is: First, compared "Huangdi Neijing·Su Wen" with "Zhou Li" which is also the Warring States Period, there are many similarities, which is enough to fully prove that the two books are works of the same era and the same ideological system; secondly, the contents of medical theory in "Records of the Grand Historian·Bian Que" are related to "Huangdi Neijing·Su Wen"

》 is similar, but it is simple and much more primitive. However, the content of medical theory in "Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of Cang Gong" has improved compared with "Huangdi Neijing·Suwen". From this, it is inferred that "Huangdi Neijing" should be a work from the Cang Gong era after the Bian Que era, which is the work from the Warring States Period. Finally, taking the style of "Huangdi Neijing" as an example, this can also be explained: pre-Qin literature was mostly rhyme, while in "Suwen" there are many rhyme words.

The "Siku Quanshu Concise Catalogue" of the Qing Dynasty further affirmed this statement because the "Siku Quanshu" had a very high status in the ancient Chinese academic community, and this statement was accepted by many people.

Western Han Dynasty

Lang Ying of the Ming Dynasty infers that "Su Wen" was born in the Western Han Dynasty from the legend of Yidi making wine during the Xia Yu period and the evidence that "Luo" appeared in the Han Dynasty.

Modern Chinese medicine experts Liu Changlin, Wu Wending and others also held this opinion. The main reason is: First, the whole book of "Huangdi Neijing" is about 200,000 words, which can be said to be a masterpiece more than 2,000 years ago. Editing such medical books requires a stable social environment and requires huge manpower and material resources. This was impossible in the Warring States Period when the war was interdependent for years. Only in the Western Han Dynasty, with the stability of politics and the development of the economy, did medical scientists provide realistic conditions for compiling medical books; second, "Huainan" by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the early Western Han Dynasty. Zi Xiuwuxun" says: "Many secular people respect the past and despise the present, so those who are Tao must remember the Shennong, and Huangdi can only be explained. "The close connection between the title and ideological content of the book and the content of the book is also provided by the "Huangdi Neijing School" and provides evidence that the book could only be written during the heyday of the "Huangdi Lao School"; thirdly, Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty recorded in "Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of Cang Gong", which recorded that among the ten medical books that the famous doctor Chunyu Yi in the early Western Han Dynasty was not taught to him by his teacher Gong Chengyang Qing, there was no "Huangdi Neijing", which is enough to show that the "Huangdi Neijing" could not have been written before the Western Han Dynasty.

The above views show that the ancients believed that the book "Huangdi Neijing" was more credible during the Warring States Period. However, it cannot be considered that "Su Wen" and all chapters of "Lingshu" were all from the Warring States Period. Lv Fu, a medical scientist at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, had a pertinent view on this, believing that the Internal Classic was not a temporary statement or a single person's hand. Yao Jiheng's "A Study of False Books of Ancient and Modern Times", Zhou Mu's "Su Wen Jing Preface", Cheng Minzheng's "Xin'an Document Collection·Lu Qi Say", Huang Shengzeng's "Wu Yueshan Renren·Preface to the Notes of the Internal Classic" and others also agreed with Lv Fu.

A more scientific point of view is that the "Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic" is not completed by one author in a short period of time, but is composed of multiple authors over a longer period of time:

1. There are many rhymes in the pre-Qin style, and some chapters in the "Huangdi Neijing" also have many rhymes, which may be works from the pre-Qin period.

2. Compared with the silk book "Eleven Moxibustion Classic of Foot Arm" in Mawangdui, Changsha in 1973, the medicine-pressing bamboo slips unearthed from the Han tomb in Wuwei, Gansu in 1972, the "Six Wang Bin Pan" unearthed from the Marquis of Ruyin in the Western Han Dynasty in Shuanggudui, Fuyang, Anhui in 1977, and the "Taiyi Jiugong Zhan Pan" unearthed from the tomb of the Marquis of Ruyin in the Western Han Dynasty, it can be seen that some chapters in "Lingshu" were written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and some were written in the Western Han Dynasty earlier.

3. Some documents cited in the "Huangdi Neijing", such as "Shangxia Jing", "Kuidu", etc., were works in the Warring States Period and even earlier.

4. The word "Guizhou" used in "Su Wen·Bao Ming Quanying Theory" is the title of the people in the Warring States Period and the Qin Dynasty, and "Su Wen·Linglan Secret"

3. Consultation: Inquiry into the patient's conscious symptoms to diagnose the condition.

4. Incision diagnosis: including pulse removal and skin removal. The "Huangdi Neijing" says that pulse removal is the most detailed, mainly:

(1) Three parts and nine signs: that is, three parts of the head, hands and feet, and three signs of each part of heaven, earth and man.

(2) Renying Cunkou pulse method: that is, treat the pulses in Renying and Cunkou pulses and compare them with each other.

(3) Breath regulation method: that is, to regulate the breathing of the doctor and diagnose the pulse and symptoms of the patient.

(4) It is crucial to have stomach qi and meridians in the pulse pattern. If there is stomach qi, it will be born, and if there is no stomach qi, it will die.

(5) Six Principles of Pulse: The "Huangdi Neijing" contains many pulse patterns, such as floating, sinking, slow, rapid, weak, weak, and tranquil, and long, short, stringy, thin, soft, soft, weak, scattered, slow, firm, moving, heavy, hidden, tide, thirsty, tranquil, and thirsty, and thirsty, and thirsty, and thirsty, and thirsty. However, the six pulses are often summarized as the outline.
To be continued...