Chapter 640 Wuhan Heavy Industry

In December 1946, the cold winter enveloped Wuhan, a new heavy industrial city. Strictly speaking, Wuhan, as a heavy industrial city, cannot be said to be "emerging", but considering the leapfrog development of scale and technology, it is not an exaggeration to use this term.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Wuhan was an important base for China's industrial and commercial development at that time, and on this basis, the Wuhan economic circle was formed, namely the Central China Economic Zone centered on Wuhan. During this period, the Wuhan economic circle included today's Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Henan and other regions.

The Wuhan economic circle was in a leading position in the economic and economic development of the country at that time, which was a historical witness to the rise of the central part of the country. Looking back at the famous Hunan businessmen in history, we must put this fact in the context of China's economic development at that time, and understand the historical status of Hunan businessmen from the development of central China led by Wuhan.

There are two important factors that Wuhan can take the lead in China's early industrialization: one is that Wuhan has unique location advantages.

First of all, Wuhan is located in the hinterland of central China and is known as the "bridge of nine provinces". In the underdeveloped transportation in ancient and modern times, with the benefits of the Han River and the Yangtze River, it can go in and out, connect the river and the sea, and become a distribution center for commercial trade. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wuhan's commerce has flourished mainly because of this location advantage, and the land of Hunan and Xiang is in this geographical location.

Anyone who studies the history of urban development knows that Changsha's urban development scale was earlier than Wuhan in history, but it was surpassed by Wuhan in modern times.

The reason is very simple. When railway transportation has not yet been promoted to the main transportation route, Changsha's location advantages are difficult to compare with Wuhan.

The second is resource advantages. Central China's resource advantages are very prominent in the country. It is the main grain-producing area in the country and is rich in iron ore, coal, wood and non-ferrous metal resources.

There are traditional production and processing technology here, with relatively high labor quality and convenient transportation, and its resource advantages are easier to transform into economic advantages. This is why Central China has been at the center of China's economic center until the Reform and Opening-up.

The second factor in the formation of Wuhan's urban central status was the rapid development of Wuhan's modern national industry. During Zhang Zhidong's administration in Hubei, he successively established modern enterprises such as Hanyang Iron Factory, Hubei Gun Cannon Factory, Daye Iron Mine, Hubei Weaving and Layout, Hanyang Iron Factory Machine Factory, Hanyang Iron Factory Rail Factory, Hubei Wire Reeling Bureau, Hubei Spinning Bureau, Hubei Hemp Making Bureau and other modern enterprises, accounting for 24% of the new official and official-business joint enterprises in the country during the same period, which was the highest in the country.

At the same time, Zhang Zhidong advocated business operations, which also promoted the development of private enterprises. In 1897, the national capitalist Song Weichen established the Hankou Xiechang Match Factory, which produced 100 million boxes of matches per year, is the largest match factory in the country.

According to statistics, by 1911, Wuhan had 28 large-scale official-run enterprises, with a capital of 17.24 million yuan, ranking second among major cities in the country. While Wuhan's modern industry development, its traditional commercial advantages were further utilized, and it jumped from a domestic trade-oriented commercial center to one of the few international trade ports in China. Hankou became the largest rice valley distribution center in the country at the end of the 19th century. Hankou's direct foreign trade exceeded 12 million taels of silver in 1903, and exceeded 35 million taels in 1905.

The same is true for Hankou's indirect foreign trade. The highest number of indirect trade imports and exports has grown from more than 42 million taels in 1880 to more than 67 million taels in 1899, and exceeded 100 million taels in 1904. Both direct and indirect trade have increased several times.

As a result, some people claimed that "In the 31st and 2nd year of the Guangxu period, Hankou business was prosperous and even better than Beijing and Shanghai." The economic function of the city has developed from the unique business to the equal emphasis on industry and commerce.

The developed waterway transportation transformed Xinhua's resource advantages into economic advantages and became a vibrant member of the Wuhan economic circle. Overall, Xinhua's economic structure was still a resource-based economy at that time, while Wuhan, which was in the early industrialization, had a huge demand for resources.

An important feature of a resource-based economy is that it has a strong dependence on transportation conditions. It is impossible to transform the resource advantage into an economic advantage without prioritizing the solution to transportation problems. The development of Xinhua resource-based economy is largely due to the unique water transportation. This is the productivity formed by natural forces and the most economical driving resource.

The Zijiang River, known as the second largest river in Hunan, runs through the entire Xinhua area and connects all parts of Xinhua through its tributaries. The closer it is to the river, the more priority is to develop local resources.

For example, the most famous Lumaojiang coalfield is located in a triangle area surrounded by Zijiang, Dayang River and Shajiang River. It covers an area of ​​more than ten square kilometers. The coal mines are all developed along the river bank, because timber and coal mines flow downstream through Zijiang River through Yiyang to enter Dongting Lake is a very convenient transportation line.

The large-scale industry in the United States also relies on the convenient water transportation of the Great Lakes. After all, the transportation of large-scale industrial equipment and material allocation, water transportation is much cheaper and faster than land transportation.

Zhong Yang looked at the slowly flowing water of the Yangtze River, and naturally had a concern in his heart. Taking the Yangtze River as the main artery and going down the river will become the core of China's future heavy industry, echoing the three northeastern provinces.

The original Guangdong and Guangxi region will gradually become the development of precision instrument production and cultural education. The development of heavy industry must still rely on big rivers and a wider plain area is needed.

Guangxi has a complex terrain and is OK for defense and stable development during the war, but now the war is about to end, which is a critical moment for turning into people's livelihood construction. It is entirely necessary to change the previous development ideas.

As for Guangdong, it is not to mention its convenient shipping and superior geographical location, which is very suitable for the development of trade and light industrial production. The heavy industrial industry continues to migrate northward, with Wuhan being one of the core.

This is not only what Zhong Yang meant alone, but also the decision of the International Economic and Economic Union, and this migration plan has begun to be implemented.

Looking back at the Yangtze River that was passing east, Zhong Yang left the river bank without saying a word, took a special car and rushed all the way.

On the other hand, a large factory next to the Yangtze River is rumbling. Even in the season when the cold wind whistles, it has not affected the workers' enthusiasm for work at all.

Wuhan Heavy Industry, a newly established large-scale machine tool manufacturing company, is the investor behind it, Xinghua News Agency, which was founded by Liu Haoran. Specifically, Xinghua News Agency was originally a company that focuses on trade, but due to Hualian's economic policies, Xinghua News Agency has now shifted its business focus to industry.

In order to encourage the development of the industrial real economy, Hualian has introduced a large number of policies to ensure the interests of entrepreneurs, which is actually nothing surprising.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shang Yang presided over the reform of Qin State, changing the six countries' emphasis on business and government, focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce, and maintaining the foundation of the country, which laid the foundation for the Qin Dynasty to unify the world.

Many mediocre talents in later generations did not know the mystery, and even said that Shang Jun’s actions were ignorant, so he simply did not know what they mean.

According to the human technical level at that time, agricultural production was the foundation. Business itself did not generate any profit, but instead occupied a lot of wealth. In this way, people will naturally seek profit and the country will become weak.

In the industrial age, it was actually the same. Why did Germany support Hitler, who was determined to slaughter the Jews, ascend to the throne of the head of state?

It is not because Jewish merchants do not work in production, but then they take advantage of business methods, occupying most of the national resources, making the real economy manipulated by them.

So much so that an economic crisis broke out once in several years and even a tragic situation like the Great Depression. Industrial production has accumulated more than the sum of historical wealth in the past, but the people cannot even get enough food and clothing. How can this be done?

Therefore, when Zhong Yang formulated an economic development strategy, he proposed to curb heavy industry and suppress business, and to allow product producers to enjoy more than 80% of their profits through strict policy protection.

The main purpose of the establishment of the China Economic and Economic Union is to unite entrepreneurs themselves to build a global sales channel!

Instead of being played by a group of financial capitalists like the European and American powers, it is very unfavorable to the country's material production and technological progress.

At present, the role of the China Economic Union is still quite obvious. As the largest intermediary in the country, the China Economic Union itself is controlled by all franchise members.

The kind of people who sell things in later generations who make money than grow things never appeared here, because in name or in reality, the purpose of the International Economic and Economic Union is to enable entrepreneurs to master channels, not the other way around.

After talking about major issues, it is necessary to mention Wuhan Heavy Industry's recent innovation in machine tool production technology.

In the Liangtang's factory office, two men were discussing their work enthusiastically.

"Old Hu, are you very leisurely now? You actually have time to help me make furniture? Why, are all those books done? Are there any new books?" Chen Zhantang asked casually when he changed the topic.

When he mentioned reading, Hu Zhenchao's spirit came back. He held Chen Zhantang's hand with his painted hand and said, "Zhantang, you are here just in time. I'm very inspired by the book "Complex Surface Processing" you brought me these days."

As he said that, he didn't care whether Chen Zhantang was interested or not, so he brought a pile of paper from somewhere and pointed at Chen Zhantang and said, "Zhantang, you see, we can't use machine tools to process it in traditionally because we can't design the feed path of the machine tool. When encountering such a curved surface, we can only use manual processing, and rely on workers to file it out bit by bit with files. I won't mention the production efficiency. The key is that the workpieces, surface roughness, residual stress and other indicators filed in this way cannot meet the design requirements... Do you understand?"

Chen Zhantang understood this point. In addition to considering the shapes produced by mechanical processing, it also pays attention to the processing process. Parts processed with high-speed machine tools are very different from those produced by hand-files. He nodded and said, "I understand one thing, you continue."

"I have been thinking about this problem for a long time. These days, I have read your book "Complex Surface Processing", which talks about how to use the principle of envelope lines to divide the processing process of a curve into several times. Each time the feed motion of the workpiece is moved into a specific curve, and after repeated many times, the processing surface we require can be formed. I used the finite element analysis method you taught me and then used a computer to perform calculations. This has simulated such a processing process. You see, this is the process file I wrote."

Chen Zhantang took a bunch of drawings that Hu Zhenchao gave him for a while, and asked hesitantly: "Lao Hu, according to the processing technology you mentioned, the workpieces must not only have front and back and up and down feeding movements on the gantry milling machine, but also have to rotate themselves. This is equivalent to the processing process of a five-axis machine tool."

"That's right!" Hu Zhenchao slapped his thigh, and he turned his face to his assistant Qin Changhui next to him and said, "Xiao Qin, look, I'll say Zhan Tang must know what he can do, right? He will tell the secret of heaven in one sentence."

"No, Lao Hu, where do we have five-axis machine tools?" Chen Zhantang asked, "The five-axis machine tools are purchased internally by the Industrial and Economic Union. They will cost at least 5,000 level seven authority. I'm afraid there are not even a few military factories directly under the Ministry of National Defense. Can our private enterprise get it?"

No wonder Chen Zhantang is so confused. Currently, within the Industrial and Economic Union, you can indeed exchange some strange items with permission values, and the technical content inside is very high, which cannot be explained by current conventional technology.

Besides, the senior management is very secretive about this, and over time, everyone has become accustomed to it.

As for the setting of permission value, it has been implemented for a long time. Although many people are still dissatisfied, they are gradually getting used to it. Generally speaking, the highest permission value is level 7, and it is basically only available to large companies with high technical content.

The first-level permission value generally corresponds to agricultural products, and the raw materials that have been simply processed basically fall into the category of the second-level permission value. And so on, the more online, the higher the processing accuracy, and the same is true for technical content. Currently, the highest is set to Level 7.

Rare materials are not calculated in this way. For example, precious medicinal materials such as ginseng or Ganoderma lucidum, even if they have not been processed, they still fall into the category of level five authority values. There are also some other high-end luxury goods, which are all classified into different levels according to their value.

Ordinary factories and enterprises want to exchange the authority value of level 5,77, and I am afraid that selling them ten times is not enough. After all, the exchange between subordinates and superiors is a three-to-one ratio. Who can bear it after several repetitions?

Hu Zhenchao knew the other party’s concerns and smiled and said, “Zhantang, this is the question I want to tell you. My design only requires some small modifications to the existing machine tool to imitate the effect of the four-axis. Of course, even if it is a four-axis, our motor cannot keep up, precision screws cannot keep up, and precision bearings cannot keep up, and the accuracy of a five-axis machine tool cannot be achieved. But don’t forget that we have people, we have senior technicians with unique skills, and their experience can make up for the shortcomings of the machine.”

"Let me see." Chen Zhantang continued to study the process documents written by Hu Zhenchao according to the idea introduced by Hu Zhenchao. Only then did he realize that in many operating links that should have been automatically implemented by five-axis machine tools, Hu Wang added the components of manual intervention, including tool alignment, correction of the center of the circle, microfeeding, etc. Simply put, this is equivalent to the worker cutting with the assistance of the machine tool. If the worker's technology is superb enough to ensure that every step of the operation is accurate, then the effect of five-axis processing can be achieved. In terms of accuracy, it may even be higher than that of ordinary five-axis machine tools.

"Old Hu, you are so amazing." Chen Zhantang was really convinced.

"How is it, Manager Chen, can you find an opportunity to try it?" Hu Zhenchao looked at Chen Zhantang hopefully and said, "Just use my drawing to try it out, all kinds of processing methods are included."

"What kind of workpiece are you?" Chen Zhantang asked with a frown on the drawings of the poplar paintings.

The workpiece on this drawing looks like a fan blade of an electric fan, but it is larger in size. The entire fan blade is twisted into a complex surface, and the drawing can no longer reflect the requirements of this surface. Each curve can only be described by some strange equations.

Workers will definitely not be able to understand such drawings. They can only process them one by one according to the process documents written by Hu Zhenchao. Each step has specific scale requirements. As long as these requirements are met, the entire surface will be considered to be processed.

Hu Zhenchao seemed a little shy about the drawings he drew. He said dumbly: "Zhantang, this thing is just an experimental prop, mainly to test the feasibility of the process. As for the drawings, I copied them from the book you gave me, and it is useless."

Chen Zhantang naturally had some doubts about Hu Zhenchao's explanation. But after looking at it for a long time, he couldn't think of where such strange workpieces would be used. Perhaps as Hu Zhenchao said, the purpose of designing this workpiece was just to test the feasibility of the processing technology. Otherwise, how could it be so complicated?

"Lao Hu, what are you going to try?" Chen Zhantang asked.

Hu Zhenchao said: "I think you are a rank-in master now and should have some power. Can you ask the metalworking workshop to help you make this in the name of your service company? This piece cannot be done by ordinary workers. You must be the masters in the factory to do it."

Chen Zhantang is a confidant sent by the big boss Liu Haoran. Now he is out, he plans to let him stand on his own and run the Wuhan Heavy Industry Company.

Then Hu Zhenchao pointed out the names of these people. He was also an old man in the factory and was still very clear about the skills of his colleagues.

Chen Zhantang counted on his fingers and said, "Hehe, milling workers, turning workers, fitters, and technical elites in metalworking workshops will let you sweep them all in one go."

"I have been in the factory for many years, and I still know who has the skills." Hu Zhenchao said.

"Okay, I told the factory manager that it was our service company's task, and I guess the factory manager would agree. They were already very interested in this project." Chen Zhantang said with a smile.

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