Chapter 297 Economic Planning

In mid-April, the wet weather began to turn clear, and together with the clouds of war, it disappeared on this land in southern China. The haze that plagued people was swept away, and the long-lost sunshine began to show its bright and gentle side.

With the signing of the ceasefire agreement, the three provinces of the ** Army and the Chinese Army came to an end. The Chinese Army expanded its political territory, and the ** Party also eliminated many local separatist forces. It is difficult to say who wins and who loses.

China in this era is so strange. The losers have the joy of the losers, and the winners have the benefits of the winners. The demarcation of the demilitarized zone eased each other's military conflicts, and both sides tacitly strengthened trade exchanges.

As the atmosphere began to slowly ease, the trade routes were opened again, and there were more and more teams coming and going. Businessmen from both places also began to run frequently, revitalizing the economy that had become lifeless due to the war.

However, there was also a strange phenomenon, that is, the loss of merchants, and private capital began to continuously withdraw from Hualian's economic market and was gradually turning to the rule of the ** government.

Hualian's government departments only made a painless statement on improving the investment environment. In fact, the economic system has been tightened. In the words of later generations, it is to adopt a planned economic system and kill most of the free economic system.

Just after coming out of the parliament hall, Ning Chengdong stretched and began to complain about his busy work recently: "I said Ah Zhi, what are the heads of state thinking? Such a large-scale economic system change has triggered the first wave of withdrawal. If this continues, it is not a good thing for our economy."

Cheng Zhi, a classmate and friend standing beside him, was bored and spread his hands, saying indifferently: "This is a question that big shots should think about. I am just a minor official of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. I just need to do some things worthy of my monthly salary of 40 yuan."

"You lazy guy who is not promising, can't you be more motivated?" Ning Chengdong also knew that Cheng Zhi was making a harmless joke. The other party had this kind of personality and was not really a waste of time.

"Adong, don't you feel it? Since November of last year, our economic system has undergone structural adjustments. Especially the Trade Association's industrial joint management agreement, you have never seen it?" Cheng Zhi at this time, there was no exaggerated look like he was just laughing and waving, his eyes were as clear as paint.

"I really didn't pay attention to this. You know, I was busy helping the head of state to prepare the statistical materials for logistics and military supplies. This was a job assigned by the cabinet. How could I have time to see what those people from the Trade Association were doing?" Seeing Cheng Zhi's serious look, Ning Chengdong also frowned.

"You should have heard of the reform of the planned economic system during the war." Seeing that my friends also wanted to hear it, Cheng Zhi naturally wanted to analyze the inside story in detail. It was not a secret that could be told, and the two of them were not illegal when they said this.

In fact, they are also core members of the cabinet. At a young age, they have the opportunity to hold positions in the cabinet. Because of their qualifications, they are just trying to fight, but in time, they will definitely be dazzling stars in the political circle.

The topic that Ning Chengdong and Cheng Zhi discussed was actually Hualian's economic transformation. At the beginning of its rise, it imitated the Western liberal economic model, seizing the market with technology and products, and focusing on economic benefits. It continued to invest in production and improve technology with the profits it earned, but now it has begun to switch to the planned economic system.

This reform is completely different from the economic construction plan implemented by the ** Army in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The latter is a complete market economic system and focuses on the development of light industry.

**The Party’s industrialization trajectory is completely different from Hualian. It focuses on economic benefits and pursues the principle of "it is better to buy a ship than to build a ship, and it is better to rent a ship than to buy a ship."

This was actually the economic and national policy during the Jiannu period. After the Second Opium War, Jiannu also began to learn and utilize advanced Western military and science and technology, and began the Westernization Movement, which was similar in time to Japan. The Westernization Movement began to focus on "self-improvement", focusing on establishing military industries produced by machines and training new-style troops.

The first arsenal built by the Westernization Army was the Anqing Ordnance, and the Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration was the largest military industry at that time. The Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau established by Zuo Zongtang in Fujian was the most complete ship manufacturing factory with the Qing government and was also very famous. It once built warships with a displacement of more than 2,000 tons.

However, the Qing government soon discovered that these modern industries had no economic benefits, and it was better to build a back garden than to build warships. In the later period, the Westernization Movement put forward the slogan of "seeking wealth" and founded civilian industries such as textiles. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 failed, and the Westernization Movement declared bankruptcy. In the twilight years of the Qing Dynasty, China embarked on the road of violence.

After the 1911th, the Beijing government formulated a series of economic laws and policies, and the economic and legal system was rapidly prepared. The central figure in promoting these policies was Zhang Jian, who served as the director of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce from 1913 to 1915. He was a representative of the constitutionalist and founded a series of textile factories in his hometown of Nantong in the 1890s.

Zhang Jian believed that the public business founded in the late Qing Dynasty wasted a lot of waste and the income could not be compared with private enterprises. He strongly disbelief of existing public business and proposed to withdraw public business in principle and give priority to the revitalization of private enterprises.

In terms of foreign relations, it advocates the adoption of openness, but protects light industries such as textiles, while heavy industries attract foreign investment, share profits, and limits on public businesses to the minimum, so they do not compete with the people for profit.

Now is the early stage of the rule of the ** government that established a regime. Although the preparation of economic policies and economic regulations was established, due to the warlord melee, there was no practical effect. However, it laid the foundation for the rapid development of private light industry. The laws and policies formulated during this period were actually the continuation and enrichment of the policies during the Guangxu New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty.

In other words, a certain red dynasty in later generations actually used this model of pursuing economic interests. It strongly supported the development of private capital, and light industry was extremely prosperous, while heavy industry mainly introduced foreign production lines, implemented profit sharing, and gave up the independent research and development path without "economic benefits".

Everything is so similar. In fact, there are not so many amazing innovations in the so-called internal affairs. It is nothing more than focusing on the needs, changing the soup or not changing the medicine.

It is worth mentioning that due to the outbreak of World War I, Jiangnan Shipyard was responsible for the construction of a US "official" 10,000-ton transport ship in 1919. However, the materials, key components and design drawings required for construction were provided by the United States. It has no technology, it is just assembled, and has no effect on promoting the basic industry.

So much so that after the "official" level construction was completed, no similar ships were built again.

In 1928, the Beijing warlord government fell and the Nanjing ** government was established. Kong Xiangxi, who is now the Minister of Industry, proposed a state-owned enterprise development plan dominated by the heavy chemical industry, with the goal of national defense.

However, Kong Xiangxi's plan did not receive financial support and the ** government did not take any measures, so it ended without progress. Because of the strong rise of Hualian, Kong Xiangxi's later leader Chen Gongbo proposed the strategy of "exporting ambitions to industrialize" two years later, but now it has come out early.

Chen Gongbo was appointed as the deputy director of the Industrial Department, but in fact he was the first person in charge of industrial development and was deeply trusted by Jiang Ruiyuan.

He proposed measures such as "bonded factories". Chen Gongbo's economic policies were a common strategy for some countries after the war. Song Ziwen, who served as Minister of Finance, also actively promoted the development of private light industry, opposed the development of state-owned enterprises, opposed strengthening the state's management of the economy, and opposed the establishment of heavy chemical industry.

Song Ziwen's dominant idea of ​​economic planning is: to make use of private capital; to curb government fiscal expenditures; and to work together internationally.

Chen Gongbo also explained in detail to Jiang Ruiyuan why he attached importance to the development of light industry.

As the fundamental plan of the country, there is no doubt that heavy industry should be developed. But why should we focus on developing light industry? First of all, China lacks skilled labor for heavy industry.

Secondly, heavy industry requires a lot of investment and related industries to cooperate, and it is difficult for private capital to invest. Third, foreign governments have a lot of aid to their own heavy industry, and the Chinese government does not have this financial resources.

Weng Wenhao from the Resources Committee also discussed what kind of economic system China needs to adopt.

There are three types of economic systems in various countries in summary.

The first is a completely state-owned and planned economy, represented by the Soviet Union. The arms were reorganized in a short time and became a powerful country, but the people made great sacrifices. However, they can refer to their planned economy methods and the spirit of brave progress.

The second type is the all-public economy under the full rule of the government, represented by Germany, Italy and Japan, and tolerate private enterprises at the same time. Strengthen the strength and armament of the entire country, and infringe on the interests of other countries. This system can overcome freedom and dispersion and achieve results in a short period of time.

However, China loves peace and wants to contribute to international peace. Of course, it is unknown whether the reason for love is because it is too weak.

The last one is mainly free competition, with some government control, represented by Britain and the United States. Some government control is different from the two types of systems mentioned above. It protects and promotes freedom of the market economy and is more suitable for China's national conditions.

Unlike Chen Gongbo, Song Ziwen and others who pay attention to timeliness, Weng Wenhao is a planned economy theorist and hopes that national defense will be given priority and the government should bear more responsibility to promote the development of state-owned undertakings. His eyes are full of energy development strategies and he can see the fundamental point of this.

But unfortunately, Jiang Ruiyuan did not adopt this model. The government urgently needed to open up a road to economic prosperity and gain the recognition of capital merchants.

From the moment the government was established, the economic model of the ** government was mainly private light industry, adopting a free market economic system, and intending to tilt towards planned economy in wartime. Interestingly, Zhang Jian, Song Ziwen, Chen Gongbo and others who actively promote private enterprises all have their own private enterprises.

And within the ** government, it is these people who hold economic power. As for Kong Xiangxi, he is alone and has to succumb to mainstream needs.

In fact, during the reign of the Beiyang warlords, that is, for more than ten years after the Xinhai**, China implemented a liberal economic system.

Due to the adoption of a free market economic system with private capital as the main body, the economic development in the early days of the Republic of China was very rapid. According to relevant data collected by Zhong Yang, the industrial growth rate reached 13.4 between 1912 and 1920, and there was a brief depression from 1921 to 1922, but it has reached 8.7 to 1923.

Such economic growth data is often very similar to a great economic reform from time to time? It is really intriguing to take the old path of someone. People who don’t know may still be celebrating this kind of thing. This is the people.

It can be said that during the Republic of China before World War II, despite the continuous wars, the industrial growth rate was still as high as 8 to 9. Such amazing economic growth must be the number one in Asia.

In fact, this is true. During this period, China's economic growth rate alone exceeded that of Japan, one of the great powers.

During this period, Japan adopted a dominant economic model with priority given to heavy industry, with low efficiency and low growth rate. During World War I, the industrial growth rate was 13.4, and before the war industrial growth rate was only 3.8. Compared with the booming China, it was lifeless. The national income was not high, and most people lived in difficult situations, which was no less than China.

The growth rate in the 1920s fell back to 3.8, but according to Zhong Yang's own understanding of history, in the original time and space, due to the sudden entry into war in 1932-1936, industrial production accelerated, and Japan's industrial growth rate reached 11.1. This is the real trajectory of Japan's industrialization and has nothing to do with the so-called market benefits.

China and Japan only opened the gap after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, but China was determined to carry out political and economic reforms. The economy during the Republic of China developed rapidly, and the growth rate was much higher than that of Japan.

Before 1930, it was China's golden decade. Shanghai was very prosperous and known as the Paris of the East. But this prosperity was a false shell. Although many Chinese people were still stuck in this luxurious dream, Zhong Yang was awake.

Since he came to this space and time, he has been collecting information from the oriental island countries, and found that it is almost the same as the original historical trajectory. However, in terms of economic field, it is completely different from the history textbooks of the Red Court.

China's light industry development model is beneficial, and the ** government has accumulated huge wealth as a result. In terms of industry, Japan surpasses China in all aspects, but in terms of wealth, the ** government is higher than the Japanese government.

The heavy history of time and space was also whispering this fact. After September 18th, China lost the Northeast without fighting. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the brave Chinese soldiers had to use big swords to chop off the well-equipped Japanese soldiers, and China was facing the crisis of national destruction.

During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Chinese industry could not provide an aircraft, a tank, or a heavy artillery to the frontline. However, Japan could build the world's largest warship "Yamato", and produce the world's most advanced fighter "Type Zero".

After rapid economic growth, China lags far behind Japan. China's so-called industrial growth is essentially processing its own resources and sending them abroad. People's lives are rapidly decreasing, and the money earned is used for luxury consumption, but is not used to improve the national knowledge and technical level.

What an irony thing is that, taking the pace of the rise of Britain during the industrial period, the government was ecstatic to earn wealth from light industry. This is the result of the capitalist economic system focusing on market benefits, and it is indeed a good way to get rich.

However, Japan is a group of pig heads, but Zhong Yang deeply realized that if he continues to be "smart" like this, China will only be beaten into pig heads by Japan with pig heads.

In fact, in terms of economic system reform, Hualian also took the light industry development route. The only people who are really engaged in heavy industry are Zhong Yang and Yi Zhongming.

Chen Ze and Liu Haoran, they just took the technology and machines provided by Zhong Yang to produce products. Tianyu Group and Xinghua News Agency, the main profits are placed in the field of light industry development, because of the rapid capital turnover and significant benefits.

In the history of later generations, it is always said that Japan is a capitalist power, while China under the rule of the ** government is an agricultural country. But there is a jaw-dropping inside story.

In fact, Japan's economic system has never been considered capitalism. Strictly speaking, it is more like socialism. Is this strange? It's not surprising at all. What kind of economic system belongs to depends on the operating model.

This system in Japan has a deep connection with the Soviet Union, and it is called socialism. However, no one can answer what socialism is now.

At present, Japan is still following a semi-capitalist route, but it has developed with a deformed heavy industry, which is essentially different from the Western capitalist development model.

Zhong Yang remembers that in the original time and space, in 1939, Japan fought a war with the Soviet Union on the Sino-Soviet border, but the entire army was wiped out and was shocked by the modernized equipment of the Soviet Union.

Japan won the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. After the Russian War in October 1917, Japan sent troops to Siberia and strangled Russia with the great powers. However, 20 years later, Japan was far behind.

Therefore, in 1940, the material allocation was tilted towards key industries, abandoning the "profit" and constructing a wartime planned economic system. The current Japanese economic system is also known as the 1940 system.

The Soviet model was very effective, but problems were soon discovered, so a series of reforms were carried out, and the post-war economic system was finally formed. The cover of Japanese economic history reads: The economic system with plans and markets was preserved in the ruins of the post-war period.

This is the path Zhong Yang needs to take, and it is also the path of economic development that Hualian has to take. Compared with Japan's dilemma, Zhong Yang is more lucky because he has a golden finger like a smart factory.

In the development of heavy industry, this is an infinitely powerful killer. In addition to the inability to accelerate the education industry, the imitation of equipment and theft of technology can no longer become a roadblock to the rise of Hualian.

Want to rely on trade to accumulate enough industrial development capital? In this era, it is just a ridiculous joke and an absolutely unsuccessful task...

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