1. Which countries produce diamonds?

Diamond production is produced all over the world, with an annual output of about 100 million carats. The top five countries are Australia, Zaire, Botswana, Russia, and South Africa. The diamond production of these five countries accounts for about 90% of the world's diamond production. Other diamond production countries include Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, Angola, Central Africa, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Indonesia, India, China, etc.

2. Which country produces the best diamonds?

For the proportion of diamond blank and gem-grade diamonds, the best diamonds come from diamonds mined in the alluvial deposits of Namibia. These diamonds undergo natural weathering and transport to the seaside, with a distance of up to 1,000 miles. After this journey, the fragile parts of the diamonds are separated. In a specific sedimentary environment, diamonds are distributed in rock formations according to different grain grades and shapes. The gem-grade diamond clock in the mine reaches a maximum of 97%. It is difficult to distinguish which country and mining area are produced from the cut diamond ring. The diamonds produced in any mining area are good, medium and poor. Compared with the best diamonds in the mining area and the worst diamonds produced in Namibia, the diamonds in the alluvial deposits of Namibia may not be good.

3. Changes in diamond production

3,000 years ago, India was the only place for diamonds. In 1724, diamond mines were discovered in Brazil instead of India to become a major diamond producer. In 1867, diamonds were discovered in South Africa. Europeans hired a large number of black people to mine diamonds, and their output was the largest in the world. In the past few years, it was reported that a large number of kimberlites were found in northern Canada, and diamond production could account for 10% of the world's output in a few years.

4. The world's first diamond mine

On July 16, 1871, the Kulisburg joint mining team, who insisted on digging deeper, succeeded. They dug deeper on the land they occupied, and finally found the diamond they had dreamed of on this day. The world's first diamond mine was born. The name "Kulesburg Mine" is also called "New Hot Mine".

5. Diamond mines in South Africa

When people talk about diamonds, they will think of South Africa. The diamonds produced in South Africa are famous for their large grains and good quality. 50% of the diamond clock hairs mined from mines can reach the gem level. More than 50 years ago, South Africa's diamond production ranked first in the world, so customers often ask, "Is this a South African diamond?" As time goes by, South Africa's diamond production has decreased year by year. In 1987, South Africa's diamond production was 10 million carats, which is about 10% of the world's total production.

6. The largest single diamond origin

In 1905, a giant diamond weighing 3106 carats was found in the Premil Mine in South Africa, and its name was "Cullinan". In 1919, another 1500 carat diamond was found in the mining area. According to its shape and color, it was repeatedly compared and studied to determine that it should be the same crystal as "Cullinan", so it was not named. If it did not crack and became two pieces, the weight of "Cullinan" was less than 4606 carats. In 1980, the third large diamond weighed 599 carats in the mining area. The Premil Mine in South Africa is the world-recognized origin of giant diamonds.

7. Do there be diamond mines in China?

China's diamond reserves are the number one in Asia. There are diamond mines being mined in Wafangdian, Liaoning, Mengyin County, Shandong, and Yuanshui River Basin in Hunan, but the scale is small, with a small output and an annual output of less than 100,000 carats. In addition, there are also reports in Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan, and Hebei that have found diamonds, but their quality is low and their quality is poor, and they do not meet the mining requirements.

8. The earliest diamond mining area in Hunan, my country

During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty (1820-1850), farmers in western Hunan discovered diamonds in Taoyuan, Changde and Qianyang areas during the gold hunting in the Yuanshui River Basin. At that time, diamonds were mainly used as drills for porcelain repair. Hunan Province established a diamond mineral exploration team in 1952 and established China's first diamond mining enterprise 601 mine in Changde, Hunan in 1958. Hunan's diamond reserves have small outputs, with an annual output of 20,000 to 30,000 carats, up to 50,000 carats, and gem grades account for 60-80%. The largest diamond weight was 62.10 carats, and sold abroad in 1992.

9. Shandong, the origin of my country's large diamonds

In January 1936, a 281.25-carat golden diamond was found in Jinjiling, Tancheng, Shandong, and named "Golden Rooster Diamond". The whereabouts of the Anti-Japanese War were unknown. In December 1977, 157.786-carat, light yellow diamond was found in Changlin Village, Linmu County, Shandong, and named "Changlin Diamond" now in the People's Bank of China. In August 1981, 124.27-carat diamond was found in Chenbu, Tancheng, Shandong, and named "Chenbu No. 1". In November 1983, 119.01-carat diamond was found in Mengyin, Shandong, and named "Mengshan No. 1".

10. The largest diamond mine in my country, Liaoning Wafangdian

In 1971, geologists discovered natural diamond native ore in Langu Mountain in Wafangdian, Fu County, southern Liaoning. It was the latest diamond production site with the largest reserves in my country. The mine was completed and put into production on October 24, 1990. Diamond reserves accounted for more than 50% of the proven reserves in the country at that time. About 70% of the diamond produced reached the gem level. At present, the annual output of "Wafangdian Diamond Co., Ltd." was established to produce tens of thousands of carats, and large-grain diamonds were mined. Langu No. 1 weighs 60.15 carats, Langu No. 2 weighs 38.26 carats, Langu No. 3 weighs 37.97 carats.

11, Canadian Diavik Diamond Mine

The mine is located in the northwest of Canada, with a total diamond reserve value of CAD 1.3 billion. It was jointly developed by the United Kingdom and Canada. After production, it can produce 8 million carats of diamond every year, accounting for about 6% of the global total output. 400 employees will be hired to mine and manage the diamond mine. The Canadian Federal Ministry of Environment approved the Diavik diamond mine to be put into production in 2003.

12. What is the ‘Conflict Diamond’?

"Conflict Diamond" is also called "dirty diamond", "bloody diamond" refers to diamonds used by the anti-sentiary armed forces as exchange of weapons and war supplies. Because the diamonds are small in size, high in value, and are easy to be cashed out. These anti-sentiary armed forces exchange diamonds for war supplies, attack the legal government recognized by the international community, cause social instability, and also interfere with the normal diamond trade. Therefore, the World Diamond Exchange Federation and the International Diamond Manufacturers Association passed the "Antwerp resolution" to eradicate the "Conflict Diamond" transactions to promote the healthy development of the world's diamond industry.

13. How is it formed on diamonds?

At about 150-200 kilometers deep in the earth, pure carbon matter crystallizes under pressure of (4.5-6)-109Pa and temperature of 1100-1600 to form natural diamonds. There are only a few places in the deep in the earth that have the physical and chemical conditions for diamond formation.

14. When did diamonds be formed? Theoretically, diamonds can be formed at any period, as long as the physical and chemical conditions are met. From the diamond mines currently mined, most diamonds are formed in the two periods of 3.3 billion years and 1.2-1.7 billion years. It can be confirmed from the fact that diamonds are produced in the ancient and stable continents of the Earth. In addition, the high temperature and high pressure generated by alien impacts on the earth can also form diamonds. However, the diamonds formed in this way are small in grains and poor in quality, and cannot be used as gems for jewelry.

15. How can diamonds be discovered from the deep part of the earth to the surface? The earth's shell produces tension, and solid rock blocks begin to move and break, and an earthquake occurs and a volcano erupts. When volcanic lava rises from the deep part of the earth to the surface, the diamonds formed in the deep part are brought to the shallow layer and surface of the earth. After the lava cooling, we can find diamonds in the cooled rocks. When diamonds are enriched and reach a certain scale, we call diamond native ore. Rocks containing diamonds weathered under natural conditions, and diamonds remain on hillsides, rivers, and coasts and enriched to form deposits, called diamond secondary ore.

16. What are the rocks containing diamonds? There are two main types of rocks containing diamonds, kimberlite and potassium-magnesium porphyry. They all come from deep earth and are called diamond parent rocks. Currently, nearly 10,000 kimberlites are found in the world, of which only five thousand can meet the current conditions for mining diamonds. After the ore-bearing rocks naturally weather, they form secondary deposits of diamonds. In the riverbed and coastal gravel, diamonds are enriched locally according to their size and shape. The most famous is the Namibian coastal diamond deposit.

17. How are diamonds mined? Different mining methods are adopted according to different types of ore. Open-pit mines: The ore body containing diamonds is weathered and enriched by river water and rainwater to form secondary ore. During mining, the surface floating soil must be removed, and the ore-containing sand layers and rock cracks must be carefully cleaned. An average of 200 tons of sand and gravel can be selected. The native ore: dig a vertical shaft along the ore vein, and then dig it horizontally from the shaft to the ore to the surface, crush it, and sort the diamonds.

Selection. Currently, the mining depth of Kimberley Mine in South Africa is 900 meters. Sand mine: When diamonds are brought along the river to the coast, they are enriched on the beach to form ore sand. The mining method is to sort all the diamond-containing sand and select diamonds. Submarine mining: Advanced offshore mining technology is used to sort ore sand in the seabed. De Beers Offshore Mining Company, in Namibia, has a submarine mining diamond of 35,000 meters away from the coast and a water depth of 110 meters.
Chapter completed!